International accounting for DCX

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Business and International Accounting

Over the years business has crossed boundaries, spanned over land and ocean, and generally changed the world. As business continues to evolve more broadly on a worldwide level, an introduction of new products, new jobs, and new ways of operating in the business world has occurred. This evolution does not occur without certain complexities developing, which then fuels a search for more effective ways to be successful worldwide. A major impact is in the accounting policies and methods used by companies operating international subsidiaries. Through a better understanding of international accounting and its affect on a company headquartered in two different countries, these troublesome issues with respect to becoming successful worldwide becomes clear.

Accounting encounters more challenges when entering the international arena. Foreign subsidiaries introduce issues of translation, transaction, and exchange rates. Through exploration of the Federal Accounting Standard 5 Foreign Currency Translation, a better understanding of these three issues becomes apparent. Translation deals with taking one currency such as the U.S. dollar, and translating it into another currency such as the British Pound, for reporting purposes. This represents one of the main difficulties in international accounting - preparing consolidated financial statements when a company has foreign subsidiaries that are included. FAS 5 explains foreign currency translation as, "The process of expressing in the reporting currency of the enterprise those amounts that are denominated or measured in a different currency" (FAS, Appendix E).

The transactions deal with the second main difficulty in international accounting, which includes how to account for purchases and sales that are made with foreign currency. FAS 5 explains foreign currency transactions as, "Transactions whose terms are denominated in a currency other that the entity's functional currency. Foreign currency transactions arise when an enterprise buys or sells on credit goods or services whose prices are denominated in foreign currency, borrows or lends funds and the amounts payable or receivable are denominated in foreign currency, is a party to an unperformed forward exchange contract or for other reasons acquires or disposes of assets, or incurs or settles liabilities denominated in foreign currency" (Appendix E).

Finally, exchange rates are the last big issue in international accounting. Currency values fluctuate from country to country and from day to day. The weight of the currency is mainly reliant on economic and political stability of that country. This brings about the need to calculate how much one currency is worth compared to another.

"The current exchange rate is the rate at which one unit of currency can be exchanged for another currency. For purposes of translation of financial statements, the current exchange rate is the rate as of the end of the period covered by the financial statements or as of the dates of recognition in those statements in the case of revenues, expenses, gains, and losses" (Appendix E).

Operations and transactions of a company are affected by the changing prices of goods and services it buys and sells comparable to a particular currency, which may also be used for financial reporting. If the company operates in more than one currency, it is affected by the changing prices of goods and services in more than one economic environment, and changes in values of the different units of currency. This can bring about gains and losses due to exchange rate differences.

One route companies take to guard against losses is forward exchange contracts which are, "an agreement to exchange at a specified future date currencies of different countries at a specified rate" (Appendix E). Also the use of currency swaps, "an exchange between two enterprises of the currencies of the two different countries agree to re-exchange the two currencies at the same rate of exchange at a specified future date" (Appendix E). These issues may be hard to understand just in reading them. By using a specific example of a company dealing with international accounting these issues become much clearer.

To make the complexities of international accounting more transparent, we will use DaimlerChrysler as an example. Some background information will prove useful in further explanations of International issues. On May 7th 18 a worldwide announcement was made about the merger of DaimlerBenz and Chrysler. These two combined to form the world's leading automotive, transportation, and financial services company. This merger brought two different companies and two different worlds together, one headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany, and the other in Auburn Hills, Michigan. The merger has linked two countries together but not without difficulties and differences. Much of what was formally Chrysler territory began to be taken over by the Daimler side, which was greatly aided by the stepping down of Robert Eaton of Chrysler, leaving only one Chairman of the Board, Jurgen E. Schrempp. This merging of companies may be successful in some areas but not without challenges to overcome to be successful in worldwide competition.

Through an interview with Robert E. Menzies, Assistant Controller for Chrysler Brands and Canada at DaimlerChrysler Services I was introduced to the issues of international accounting that really affect the business. The first thing that they have to deal with is the differences in the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles between Germany and the United States. These differences have created different problems with reporting. But it is not only Germany that poses a problem for the United States in terms of GAAP but also Canada and Mexico. DaimlerChrysler Services deals with all of North America and includes Canada and Mexico. DaimlerChrysler consists of 470 German and non-German subsidiaries and one joint venture. 10 of these companies are accounted for in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. When consolidated financial statements are made for DaimlerChrysler's annual report they are prepared in terms of U.S. GAAP and also to comply with certain German requirements. "The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The consolidated financial statements were supplemented with a consolidated business review report, which comply with the fourth and seventh directives of the European community. For the interpretation of these directives we relied on the statement by the German Accounting Standards Committee" (Annual Report, 68).

The reporting currency for DaimlerChrysler is the Euro, but in the annual report the amounts are also shown in U.S. dollars, "The dollar being unaudited and presented solely for the convenience of the reader at a rate of 1 Euro = $0.801 the Noon Buying Rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 1, 001" (78).

DaimlerChrysler is also concerned with accounting for translation and transactions. As Mr. Menzies explained, they must first take the different currencies in North America and translate them into the U.S. dollar. So translation entails taking the Mexican peso and the Canadian dollar and converting it into the U.S. dollar. Then they must take the translations they have in U.S. dollars and translate them into the Euro, which is the reporting currency for the financial statements.

The way that DaimlerChrysler deals with foreign exchange rates is also something we need to look at. Foreign exchange rate management is something a company like DaimlerChrysler needs to think about, since their business produces cash in various currencies. Mr. Menzies also informed me of the difference in practices between the German and U.S. sides of the company. In terms of foreign exchange rate on the American side, they use a month end average of exchange rates, which was expected to be good enough for reporting on the balance sheet.

A problem arose when translating these figures to match up with Germany. Part of the German GAAP is using an average daily rate, so there are 65 different foreign exchange rates that are averaged together rather then the month end average method. Because these differences cause so much extra work and confusion at Chrysler they have now actually changed over to German GAAP and use their exchange rates to prevent the extra time it was previously taking to reconcile the financial statements.

DaimlerChrysler does use some derivative financial instruments like forward foreign exchange contracts, swaps, and forward rate agreements to help control losses in changes in exchange rates. As a consequence of the global nature of DaimlerChrysler businesses, its operations and its reported financial results and cash flows are exposed to the risks associated with fluctuations in the exchange rates of the U.S. dollar, the Euro and other world currencies. The group's businesses are exposed to transaction risk whenever revenues of a business are denominated in a currency other than the currency in which the business incurs the costs relating to those revenues.

As we have seen through the example of DaimlerChrysler international issues do have a great affect on the business and accounting for the company. We have seen that it can sometimes become confusing in dealing with different regulations and different currency for so many companies. These difficulties will hopefully reduce as the International Accounting Standards Committee works towards global accounting that plans to be out in the next 5 to 6 years. This will help many issues that companies with foreign subsidiaries face, but until then companies will continue to work through what issues they have to compete successfully on the worldwide stage.

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Recruitment

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Recruitment plays a key role in organisational strategies and future goals. With reference to the literature, this essay will focus on three major issues that relate to recruitment today. They are, recruitment sources, the selection process and structuring an interview. Each issue will be defined and discussed in relation to recruitment. Also shown will be the relationship between recruitment and organisational strategies.

Recruitment sources are a major issue for an organisation when there is a new position vacant. Two key factors in this issue are internal and external sources. Internal sources are when an organisation encourages promotions within the company, rather than placing someone from the outside world straight into a superior position. According to De Cieri and Kramer (00) there are several advantages to recruiting within the organisation. Firstly, "it is generally cheaper and faster to fill vacancies internally" (De Cieri & Kramar, 00, p.187). Another key advantage is motivation and enthusiasm within the workplace. An incentive such as a promotion encourages employees to stay motivated and enthusiastic (Le Boeuf, 10). If they continuously complete the work in a professional manner, he or she will reap the greatest rewards in the future when a position does arise. One more advantage for internal recruitment is all applicants will already be well known within the organisation. Furthermore, the applicants will have a better understanding of what the vacant position really is, whilst they will also know what to expect rather than having an exaggerated prospect of the jobs criteria (De Cieri & Kramar, 00). A promotion within the organisation will often lead to a candidate vacating their position, which in turn is refilled by another employee awaiting a newly appointed position. This chain effect on promotion means that not only one position is filled within the organisation, but two or more positions will often be filled when internal recruitment is implemented.

In contrast to internal recruitment, there are also several advantages on the external side of recruitment. One advantage that can play a key role in an organisation's decision is the large number of applicants that can be chosen from. External applicants are predominantly more qualified and have the ability to bring new ideas, work techniques, production methods and training into the workplace. Other factors that may persuade recruiters to choose external recruitment are possible new contacts and customers that the external applicant might know on a personal level. In addition, the external applicant will bring a sense of competition, which will motivate internal employees to do their best within the workplace. This grouped together can result in new insights into profitability (Compton, Morrissey & Nankervis, 00).Buy cheap Recruitment term paper

When it comes down to choosing the more preferred applicant, regardless of being internal or external, it is definitely one of the most difficult steps to finalise. The results from the recruiter's final decisions rely on good recruiting procedures. If the organisation fails to go to all extremes to make sure that they have chosen the right employee, the affects on the organisation will be dramatic. This leads to the next major issue with recruitment, the selection process.

The selection process is vital to an organisation. If the wrong decision is made, the organisation can suffer severely (Dwyer, 00). An organisation would use the selection process to assist in choosing the right person for the job. However, this isn't as easy as it sounds. As the importance of the vacancy increases, so does the pressure on the recruitment panel to fill the job with a suitable applicant. The selection process tries to optimise the fit between person and position, meaning that it helps to predict who will be the most successful in the position both mentally and physically (Bartol, Tein, Matthews & Martin, 00).

The selection process consists of five generic standards that should be met by all organisations before making a final decision (1) Reliability, () validity, () generalisability, (4) utility and (5) legality. "The first four build off each other, in the sense that the preceding standard is often necessary but not for the one that follows" (De Cieri & Kramar, 00, p.16). The legal standard basically falls into place by itself because if there is a thorough understanding of the first four standards the legal side will have already been covered (De Cieri & Kramar, 00).

A clear indication of the affect a wrong decision can have is displayed in the following quote by Alberici (1)

"A recent survey in the United States found that 70 per cent of customers stopped shopping at their local store not because of price but because of staff who were unfriendly, uncaring and simply not interested in what they were doing" (p5).

This is just one of many negative outcomes an organisation can face if they have chosen an unsuitable person for the job. Selection mistakes can cause many problems for an organisation; examples of more dramatic affects are reduced profits, an impaired image and reputation, decreased internal status, threats to company viability, etc (O'Meara, 00). It is clear that the severity of the selection process is a very serious issue and needs extreme caution when used for recruiting.

The structure of an interview plays a major role in determining a good applicant. It is an obvious issue in relation to recruitment because it establishes a framework to make sure the best applicant will be chosen. If an interview is not structured properly, the applicant can react in many different ways. Many ways are similar to making a wrong decision in the selection process, although in the interview itself things can get personal quite easily. Recruiters have to be extremely careful when it comes down to asking an applicant questions. All questions must be the same for all applicants and should have a bearing on the job. Interviewer/s should steer clear of any personal questions otherwise the applicant could cause a legislative war zone (Klopp & Tarcy, 18).

In order to gain the most valuable information from each applicant the interviewer/s need to focus on asking only pertinent questions (Alberici, 1). For example, instead of asking someone if they can lead and motivate, an applicant could be asked to recall an experience where they led and motivated people. The question asked should not be able to be answered with a simple yes or no; there must be a relevant meaning as to why the question is being asked in the first place. In relation to the structure of the questions, the atmosphere surrounding the applicant needs to be as comfortable as possible as well. If the applicant feels uneasy or pressured, there is no chance that they are going to be themselves when questions are fired at them. From a psychological point of view, the atmosphere is basically the most important factor in getting the most valuable information out of an applicant (Cooper & Robinson, 001). If the atmosphere is comfortable and the structure is professional, there is a better chance of choosing the right person for the job.

Recruitment is in everyway related to organisational strategy. Every aspect of recruitment from advertising through to hiring has a purpose and is implemented to suit the framework of the organisational strategy. Organisations are slowly moving away from the 'wait till we need them' approach into a more innovative and strategic approach for recruiting staff. A great example of a strategy in action is an organisation building a long-term relationship with academics, tertiary institutions and recruitment agencies. Organisations are becoming more involved with resources like the internet, special interest groups and relationships to name a few. (De Cieri & Kramar, 00). The organisations that are focusing on the public relations are familiarising themselves amongst what they plan to be their future prospects. This simply shows a trend towards organisational strategies now taking a people orientated approach to recruitment. Organisations are moving with the times and preparing by making good relationships and really getting to know the people and places that are going to keep them on top in the future.

It is clear that recruitment is not as basic as it may seem. Human Resource Managers need to focus on the issues relating to recruitment, and need to make sure that their own hiring and firing works in conjunction with the organisations strategies and future goals. Three major issues relating to recruitment are; recruitment sources, the selection process and structuring an interview. The recruitment sources are made up of an internal and external approach. Internal recruitment motivates people within the organisation and keeps them enthusiastic about their job. It also gives an incentive to do the best job possible due to the good chance of getting a promotion. In contrast, external recruitment tends to involve applicants who are predominantly more qualified and have the ability to bring new ideas, work techniques, production methods and training into the workplace. The next key issue is the selection process; it is one of the most important steps in recruiting. The selection process tries to optimise the fit between person and position, meaning that it helps to predict who will be the most successful in the position both mentally and physically. This is a vital step to recruitment because if not followed properly it can reduce profits, impair image and reputation, decrease internal status and can threaten the company's viabilities. Another issue that is related to recruitment is that of the interviews structure. The interview structure plays a key role in getting the most information out of each applicant. In addition, a good structure will make sure that all applicants are treated fairly, feel comfortable and only ask question relating to the job at hand. Without a good interview structure the applicant can feel very uncomfortable and will not be his or herself in the interview. Organisations are really adapting to change and moving with the times. They no longer tend to use the 'wait till we need them' approach anymore. The organisational strategies of today are focusing on the people and places that will keep them on top in the future. Organisations are building relationships with academics, tertiary institutions and recruitment agencies. With all this in mind, there is no doubt that the issues of today are being dealt with by the organisational strategies of tomorrow.

Please note that this sample paper on Recruitment is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Recruitment, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Recruitment will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Man of the New Millenium

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The Man of the New Millennium

"Don't cry son, be a man about it." Across the United States, young boys hold back tears in fear of shaming their fathers. "Go ahead and let it all out son," says a comforting mother as her son cries on her shoulder. Boys are also taught to show emotion and talk about problems with their mothers. When boys become men, expectations about communication with wives and girlfriends arise. These conflicting expectations and teachings easily serve as a source of confusion to young boys or adolescents as they make their journey toward manhood. Once men are involved with women in long term relationships, the confusion continues as good communication becomes a necessity. Our country teaches its young boys that real men do not cry or show emotion, yet, they should be able to communicate with their partners and be in touch with their emotions. The changing expectations placed on maturing boys, single men, and men involved in a relationship are conflicting and confusing. Although emotional expectations placed on men may conflict, it is possible for men to improve the way they communicate with their partners.

In the traditional views presented about boyhood, there is a theme do not show emotion.

Jon Katz's, How Boys Become Men, describes the unspoken laws that govern boyhood. These rules include, "Never Rat. If your parents ask about your bruises, shrug. Never admit fear. Ride the roller coaster, join the fistfight, do what you have to do. Asking for help is for sissies. Empathy is for nerds. You can help your best buddy under certain circumstances. Everyone else is on his own. Never discuss anything of substance with anybody. Grunt, shrug, dump on teachers, laugh at wimps, talk about comic books. Anything else is risky," (Katz 484). As one can tell, Katz's rules for boys predominately apply to the showing of emotions. Katz's rules say that if a boy shows fear, sadness, empathy or any emotions, that boy is not fulfilling his role well and therefore will not fulfill his role well as a man in society. The unwritten rules among boys and men, do not allow for emotions to be expressed. Katz's interviewee admits, " you learn early on to hide what you feel," (Katz 485). The rules of boyhood present a problem when boys, who have trained themselves to not show emotion, become men. Men remember not showing emotion as boys, so it becomes difficult to show emotion while an adult.

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Many women feel that the men in their lives do not show enough emotion. Men do not show as much emotion as women as a result of emotion suppression as boys. Men seem to follow the rule of never talking about anything of substance. Also, men and women view problems differently. Women empathize with each other and relate their own problems to the speaker, while men believe that their problems are not that bad (Tannen 4). In Sex, Lies, and Conversation, Deborah Tannen discusses some of the problems couples face as a result of the male point of view and lack of communication. The most common reason for failed marriages is lack of communication, (Tannen ). Women prefer to their husbands to be participatory listeners. That is, listeners who make noises while listening such as "mmhm," "uhhuh," and "yeah,". These noises reassure the woman that the conversation partner is listening. Also when women speak, they tend to prefer a conversation partner that will agree with them. Men on the other hand prefer to debate things. While this seems like a minor difference, it can cause problems with women looking for support from their husbands or partners. Women may see a man's point in the conversation as an attack.

While it seems that the male lack of communication and refusal to show emotion are the only two reasons communication fails, women also contribute to the problem. To many men, the constant listener-noises that women make act as a sign of overreaction or impatience. Also, when women practice "participatory listening," men see it as an interruption and intrusion.

To fix communication problems, couples need to work to make compromises or to change. The difficult aspect of communication for many men is showing emotions. In Katz's How Boys Become Men, his interviewee admits, "I've gotten better at [showing emotions], but it will never come naturally," (Katz 485). But while many men struggle to show emotion and talk about their feelings, some seem to develop a softer side over night. According to Katz, "Some men get shocked into sensitivity- when they lose their jobs, their wives, or their lovers. Others learn it through a strong marriage, or through their own children," (Katz 485). Once men begin to feel comfortable with their emotions, they should learn how to comfortably communicate with wives or lovers. Making eye contact and using appropriate body language are also two important thing women look at during communication. In order to feel more comfortable while talking, men shouldn't interpret "listening noises," as noises of judgment or impatience. Women make noises like "mmhm," in order to let the speaker know he or she is being listened to. Men also need to realize when women practice "participatory listening," and finish each others sentences, it isn't a sign of impatience or lack of attention. Participatory listening is in fact, the female way of showing support and empathy. Women can also help communicate with their partners. It is natural for a man to present a different point of view while speaking to a woman. Women need to learn not to take this new point of view as an attack. Also, women should understand that in order to show emotions and feeling, men must fight through a lifetime of acting tough and hiding emotions.

Society has conflicting expectations of boys and men. Boys act tough, show no fear, and never cry. Men are not expected to act too differently from boys until they become involved in a relationship or marriage. When communication problems arise, men are forced to overcome their boyhood lessons and rules in order to become better partners. Gaining harmony with emotions and feeling is the male's first step in becoming a better communicator.

Please note that this sample paper on The Man of the New Millenium is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Man of the New Millenium, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Man of the New Millenium will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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British burns down white house

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Thang Doan

5th Period

11/1/0

Innovative Aviation Technology

On December 1, 10, the Wright Brothers took off, covering a hundred and twenty feet in twelve seconds, it became the first successful, controlled, powered, man-made flight. This was the spark of aviation technology. After testing their second and third flyers, the distance and speed increased. It proved the power of flight will be a great asset to mankind and it will substantially evolve in the future.

Otto Lilienthal had always dreamed of flying. He was a crazy birdman, a genius and an inspiration to few. In 1860s, Lilienthal had studied young storks learning how to fly and tried to imitate them by creating wings and flapping his arms. He made several gliders out of light willow wand and cotton fabric. Lilienthal position himself in the center of the wings, with his feet touching the floor, then runs downhill to the wind, catching an upward air current, and slowly soar up into the air. He managed to reach up to 1,150 feet of distance. On Sunday morning in 186, Lilienthal flew his glider again, a gust of wind caught him off course and he fell 50 feet to the earth. He was reported with a broken spine and died the following day. An eccentric genius died regretting having so much to learn. Soon two brothers from Ohio will come and pick off where he had lefted.(Somerville, 1, p. 4)

The Wright Brothers started off with the work of previous inventors that did not succeed in making a successful plane. Such as German engineer, Otto Lilienthal who worked with several gliders and Octave Chanute who also was proficient in gliders. In 10, the Wrights incorporated a 16-horsepower engine and separated the wing-warping controls from the rudder controls (Somerville, 1, p.5) They went to Daytona to test their new improved plane. It happens to be a cold, chilly day, the propeller shafts were damaged and had to be sent back to Dayton for repair. Wilbur took off covering 60 feet and ended in a crash. Three days later, Orville decided to takeoff, covering 10 feet in 1 seconds. The same day, Wilbur flew for 5 seconds and a distance of 85 feet. A person who witness the flight began running down the beach, yelling out, "They have done it! Damned if they ain't flew!" (Somerville, 1, p.5)

After the World War I, aircraft designers began dreaming of faster, stronger, more powerful airplanes, and many pilots were eager to test these new powerful machines. Events such as air racing attracted many pilots in reward of cash and trophy prizes. Others, dream to travel across an ocean or circle the globe or break a speed record. Such ventures were rewarded even higher and many rewards and prizes. In March 17, Charles Lindenberg flew the 'Spirit of St. Louis' nonstop over the Atlantic Ocean, from coast of New York to Paris(,610 miles). The flight had taken hours and 0 minutes (National Air and Space Museum, 1,

http//www.nasm.si.edu/galleries/gal100/stlouis.html). As a result, Lindenberg's fame was spread across the world, his successful flight proved that the use of airplanes were safe, and it will be a great way of transportation.

In 14, The Bell XP-5A demonstrated the efficiency of jet-planes. The later advance model, Bell X-1 made a remarkable achievement. It became the first airplane to surpass the speed of sound (700 miles) (National Air and Space Museum, 1, http//www.nasm.si.edu/galleries/gal100/bellX1.html). Many dozens had died trying to break the 'sound barrier.' The first airplanes that tried to reach the speed of sound encountered violent shaking, increased drag, and a loss of a lift and control. (Nation Air and Space Museum, 1, http//www.nasm.si.edu/research/aero/aircraft/bellx1.html). Whoever approached this limit usually breaks apart and crashed. At the time, people believed that there was some sort of sound barrier that could not be broken. The X-1 was a bullet-shaped airplane, constructed with high-strength aluminum, including two propellant tanks, twelve nitrogen spheres for fuel, and its -ton thrust rocket engine. With it's newly design rocket engine, it flew at 57 miles and at an altitude of 71,00 feet. This was the highest velocity and altitude created at that time. In succeeding and pride, General Vandenberg stated "marked the end of the first great period of the air age, and the beginning of the second. In a few moments the subsonic period became history and the supersonic period was born." (Somerville, 1, pg 10)

In 15, the X-15 was unleashed, a rocket powered research airplane. After the first couple of tests, it became the first airplane to reach hypersonic speeds of Mach 4, 5, and 6. It also reached the highest altitude going well above 100,000 feet (Somerville, 1, p. 16). In one test, it reached an altitude more than 67 miles, it was consider as a spacecraft rather than a airplane. The main factor of the miraculous speed is the air flow that exceeds the speed of sound. In traveling at supersonic speeds, the airplane has to overcome many barriers of the air. When the airplane approaches the speed Mach 1, the airflow on the wing reaches the supersonic speed before the airplane itself does. A shockwave forms on the wing, which is called a pressure disturbance. This is the force that pushes against these fast jetplanes (Marshall Brian, 18, http//travel.howstuffworks.com/airplane.html).

The race to space was between US and the U.S.S.R. On October, 4, 157, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik I. The world's first satellite about the size of a basketball, weighing 18 pounds and it took an hour and thirty-eight minutes to revolve around the Earth (Steve Garber, 00, http//www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/sputnik/). This marked the beginning of the space age and hopes for new political, technological, and scientific developments. Following the success of Sputnik, the U.S. Defense Apartment funded the development for another U.S. satellite project. Explorer I was launched on January 1, 158 containing an instrument package developed by a team from University of Iowa. The instrument helped discover the magnetic belts around the Earth. The magnetic belts were named after James van Allen, the primary investigator of the project.

The first American to orbit the earth is John Glenn. He boarded the spacecraft Mercury on February 0, 16. He circled the Earth three times. The space trip lasted 4 hours and 55 minutes. The spacecraft landed in the Atlantic Ocean. The first person to be in space was Soviet Yuri Gagarin in April of 161 (National Air and Space Museum, 1, http//www.nasm.si.edu/galleries/gal100/friend7.html).

The Apollo Command Model Columbia was the home of the three crew members that were sent to the Moon for exploration, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins. Michael Collins was designated to take photographs of the moon's surface while Armstrong and Aldrin explored the moon. After their exploration on the moon, Armstrong and Aldrin joined up with Michael Collins for the trip back home. As they entered the earth's atmosphere at 5,000 miles per hour, its exterior went up to 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit. (National Air and Space Museum, 1, http//www.nasm.si.edu/galleries/cchoice/columbia/cm_04.htm). The reason why it could take so much heat was because the Columbia was covered with a ablative heat shield, it protected the spacecraft from burning up and vaporizing. The ablative heat shield was an inexpensive and simple, which allowed the outer layers to vaporized. The spacecraft landed in the Pacific Ocean.

Pioneer 10 was launched on March 1, 17. It entered the asteroid belt on July 15 and was later found in seven months. It came back with images of Jupiter and information of its atmosphere, magnetic fields, and radiation belts. Pioneer 10 is powered by Radioisotopes Thermoelectric Generators, which can operate in deep space. It is still out there floating through space, its last ounce of energy was last detected in February 7th, 00. It has traveled 7.8 billion miles, last detection was 7.6 billion (Sawyer, 00, http//nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/tmp/17-01A.html).

In the future, solar sails has been suggested to travel to planets and other stars. This has only been to taken to small actions in exploring the frontier of space. Solar sails will allow us to travel farther and explore more. So far the Planetary Society has sent spacecrafts to all the planets in our solar system except Pluto, in hopes to discover stars that is like ours. It is expected that one day we will find a planet just like our Earth. Solar sails are the quickest, fastest way to getting around space and it picks off energy from the sun as a free source. The sails is approximately several kilometers wide, a very big structure, but it is extremely thin. Whether we are sending robots or humans, it is important that we get to our destination as quick as possible. Today aerospace technology is laser-powered sails, when sunlight grows weak, the powerful lasers will push your sails even faster. The sail connected to your spacecraft is several kilometers wide, although it is as thin as a spider web. The sails will reflect the star lights off its surface. A mission like that may possibly take a century, and if it succeeds it will open up new dreams and hopes for us. We know our planet will not last forever, but we can do what we can to make the best out of it and it is to continually enhance our technology for our own benefits (The Planetary Society, 00, http//www.planetary.org/solarsail/future_of_solarsail.html). REFERENCE

Apollo 11. [Online]. None. http//www.nasm.si.edu/galleries/cchoice/columbia/cm_04.htm [N/A]

Aviation. (000). Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. [CD-ROM]. Microsoft Corporation

Robert Somerville. Ed. (1). Century of Flight Richmond, Virginia.

Great Achievements. [000] [Online]. National Academy of Engineering. http//www.greatachievements.org/greatachievements/ga__.html

Milestones of the First Century Flight. [001] [Online]. Aerospace Industries Association. http//www.aia-aerospace.org/pubs/milestones/milestones.cfm

Milestones of Flight. [Online]. None. http//www.si.edu/harcourt/nasm/gal100/gal100.html [N/A]

NASM. [1-00] [Online]. National Air and Space Museum. http//www.nasm.si.edu/

NASA. [Online]. None. http//www.nasa.gov/home/index.html [N/A]

Dr. Lawrence Lasher Pioneer 10. [June, 15, 15] [Online] http//spaceprojects.arc.nasa.gov/Space_Projects/Index.html

Solar Sails.[00-00] [Online] The Planetary Society. http//www.planetary.org

Somerville Robert (1). Century of Flight. Richmond Virginia.

Sputnik .[00, Feb. 1] [Online]. Nasa History Web Curator. http//www.hq.nasa.gov

To Fly is Everything. [Online]. None. http//invention.psychology.msstate.edu/air_main.shtml [N/A]

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Atlantis,myth or reality?

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Atlantis fact or fiction?Is it a myth or a made up story?

The story of Atlantis derived from famous greek philosopher Plato, it is the only

account of Atlantis and is not backed up with any sound evidence. The story of Atlantis

has also captivated the minds of individuals for thousands of years. People from allBuy custom Atlantis,myth or reality? term paper

walks of life have debated whether it really existed or whether it was just a story,

nothing more.

Fantasy is a tough sell in the twentieth century, the world has been fully discoverd and

fully mapped. Satellites have mapped and studied the earth, leaving only a space

frontier that is as yet unreachable. But standing out is a charming fantasy the modern

world has yet to verify or condemn the lost continent of Atlantis. The myths and

ledgends concerning Atlantis have come down through the centuries as one of the most

enduring ledgends of all time.

Plato claims that the sage and statesmen, Solon, in the course of his travels in Egypt,

questioned the priests and that one of them, who lived at Sais in the Nile Delta, of very

ancient traditions which related to a war waged in the distant past by athens, against the

people of Atlantis.This story is told in two of Plato's dialogues, it starts in Timaeus

and is resumed and elaborated in Critias.

Plato states that Atlantis is "a continent in the Atlantic ocean larger than Africa and

Asia Minor combined which rivaled Athens as the most advanced in the world."

According to the legend surrounding Plato's dialogues, the island of Atlantis was

violently thrown into the sea by the forces of nature, and its few survivors managed to

swim ashore and relate their story

The works of Plato opened the floodgates to endless speculation on whether the

continent described was fact or fiction. Atlantis has since been placed in Spain,

Mongolia, Palestine, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Brazil, Sweden, Greenland and

Yucatan. Every nook and cranny of the globe has been hypothesized; mountain peaks,

desert lands, the ocean floor and even the barren wasteland of Antarctica have been

mentioned in theories.

While some of these theories are compatible with Plato's works and are within relative

reason, numerous crackpot theories have been developed using the lost continent as a

basis. One of these theories, posted on the computer internet where it has access to

over fifteen million people, talks in twenty-one pages of pre-historical lands with

names like Oz and Luxor.

These world wide web pages list over two hundred separate articles of proof for the

existence of Atlantis, as in the following "Most all ancient civilizations believed in the

TITANS, the race of giant humans that inhabited Earth long ago. Different races knew

them by different names. These 7 to 1 foot humanoids were thought to be legendary

until the excavation of over a dozen skeletons 8 to 1 feet tall, around the world,

shocked archeologists. These skeletons were positively human. Some of these skeletal

remains are on Maui in lava caves near Ulupalakua and Olowalu. The Spanish

Conquistadors left diaries of wild blond-haired, blue-eyed 8 to 1 foot high men

running around in the Andes during the conquest of the Incas.

A couple were reportedly captured but died en route to Europe. If giant animals

(dinosaurs) were possible then why not giant men? And why are these goliaths

populating both Eurasia and the Americas? Only on a land bridge created by the vast

continent of Antarctica can there be a sufficient bridge for the spread of these giants."

This text, written by self-proclaimed Atlantologist Steve Omar, represents Plato's text

taken to the extreme- using his ideas as a basis for outlandish and unfounded ideas.

These unverified fantasies make a dubious complement to the other dark side of the

Atlantean fantasy hoaxes.

Atlantis has been "discovered" many times, but most notably in the fall of 11 by Dr.

Paul Schliemann. Schliemann introduced himself as the grandson of the famous

Heinrich Schliemann, the archeologist who discovered the ruins of ancient Troy in

187. His "discovery" made front page news (The New York American, October

11.) and boasted of an advanced civilization with aircraft, power-driven boats and

the like. Schliemann said his grandfather told him on his deathbed of the family's

secret the location of Atlantis. Schliemann's claims made waves, but didn't hold

water; when pressed for details, Schliemann was unresponsive and eventually

disappeared from public view. Unfortunately, the falsities concerning Atlantis

frequently overshadow the possibilities.

Albert Hermann's theory is that there was a mistranslation of what Egyption priests

told Solon in regards to the measurements, with his theory he suggests Atlantis to be

Tunisa. With little evidence to support this theory, I believe it is incorrect.

However , Dr Spiridon Marinatos, a greek archeoligist and Dr Angelos Galanopoulas

suggest that Atlantis is modern day Thera. With the mysterious collapse of the Minoan

Empire of Crete and the destruction of it's capital city of Cnosses by a volcanic

explosion which tore apart the island in 1500BC.This explosion caused tidal waves

and flooded other meditteranean islands, which may have started the ledgend of a

universal flood.Volcanic ash has been found on Thera and Crete, also the "Golden cup

with the bull", that Plato describes in his Atlantis story was found on Crete.

Pastor Jurgen Spanuth believes that Atlantis existed in the North Sea due to reports of

submerged buildings there at the mouth of Elbe River. He believes that Atlantis was the

capital of a Northern Empire Spanuth introduced a new element in underwater research

by using scuba divers, this is the first time scuba divers have been used in the search for

Atlantis. The divers found a seriesof parralel walls, the measurements and colours fit in

with Plato's account, but like Hermann's theory on a reduced scale.........

Ignatius Donnelly wrote the first extensive study of the possibility of existence in 188,

and his views have not been found to be false with twentieth century technology. In

188, Donnelly had cited Thera as an example of the land changes of islands in the

claim that "a recent examination of these islands shows that the whole mass of Santorin

has sunk, since it's projection from the sea,over 100 feet"

Donnelly believed in Atlantis, but believed it to be worldly; his reasons for Atlantis's

existence are unable to be proven, but make sense. Some examples -There is nothing

improbable in Plato's narrative; it describes rich, cultured and educated people but

doesn't mention things of fantasy like giants, hobgoblins etc. Plato speaks of hot and

cold springs in the center of Atlantis, a feature common to islands with volcanic

activity. Chances are Plato didn't know this.

Responding partly to Donnelley's theories and partly to the urge to discover, some

0th century archeologists have used twentieth century technology to look for Atlantis.

But many have dismissed Atlantis as glorified myths of volcanic eruptions in the island

of Thera in 1450 b.c. The eruption may have destroyed that island and caused a small

earthquake and tsunamis that ruined the civilization of Crete, but didn't sink a

continent. Therefore, none of Donnelley's theories can be proved without the actual

discovery of the continent.

Atlantis did exist many years ago in the Atlantic, however not in the form of what most

people would assume. Around the 10th Century BC, water levels were about 450-500

feet lower than they are today, therefore the landmass of islands in the Atlantic were

much larger, some of the islands were once joined and some still are , deep under the

ocean.

The rise of the water level was due to the melting of three glaciers, which were also

accompanied by rains and volcanic eruptions. This is where the confusion comes in

with the dissapearing and sunken islands, which in fact were just drowned.

This can be proven with the scientific information. Geoligists and Oceanographers will

agree as the rising rate of the ocean can be deciphered with radio carbon dating of

materials taken from the sea. Therefore, looking at the water levels and land masses of

the time we can see that they fit with Plato's description of Atlantis' whereabouts.

It appears that Marinatos and Galanopoulas' theory of thera is the most realistic.

This theory is the closest to Plato's account in terms of time and geography, and it is

based in fact.The Minoan Civilization was a great and peaceful culture based on the

island of Crete, which reigned as long ago as 00 B.C. The island of Thera was home

to a volcano. In 1470 B.C., it erupted with a enormous force, obliterating everything

on Santorinis surface. The resulting earthquakes and tsunamis devastated the rest of

the Minoan Civilization, whose remnants were easily conquered by Greek forces.

Santorini was the real Atlantis. Some have argued against this idea, noting

Plato specified that Atlantis sank 10,000 years ago, but the Minoan disaster had taken

place only 1,000 years earlier. Still, i believe that translation errors over the centuries

altered what Plato really wrote, or maybe he was intentionally blurring the historical

facts to suit his purposes. And there exists yet another strong possibility, that Plato

entirely made Atlantis up himself.

I believe Atlantis existed, however with the lack of written and archeological evidence,

I dont believe it contained advance technology, or was a great empire. If this was true

and there was such an advanced continent then it is more than likely there would be

other written and archeological evidence from neighboring countries, or trade partners

etc describing this extremely unique and advanced continent. Why only the one

account of Atlantis?

It is this one key factor that makes me believe that Plato's account of Atlantis is an I

exaggeration of the historical destruction of Thera and the Minoan empire, therefore it

did exist just not in the form of what Plato would like us to think, and it is found in the

Aegean.

Regardless, his story of the sunken continent went on to captivate the generations that

followed. Other Greek thinkers, disputed the existence of Atlantis, while Herodotus

wrote of it as historical fact. Atlantis became entrenched in folklore all around the

world, charted on ocean maps and sought by explorers.

The legend of Atlantis is only a huge collection of theories and guesses, but theories

and guesses also led to the discovery of the lost Roman cities of Pompeii and

Herculaneum, discovered after being buried and preserved by the volcanic ash of

nearby Mt. Vesuvius. Because of this, the mystery of Atlantis's existence will tantalize

the world until the continent is either proven or disproven.

Please note that this sample paper on Atlantis,myth or reality? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Atlantis,myth or reality?, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Atlantis,myth or reality? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Biological warfare

If you order your term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on biological warfare. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality biological warfare paper right on time.

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Biological warfare is the use of microorganisms and toxic biological products to cause death or injury to plants and animals, including humans. It is also called germ warfare. Recenty it has become a major issue around the world and in the media because of technological advancements and the threat of terrorism.

Time Frame

Biological warfare is thought to be a restively new threat, but one of the earliest documented attack was in the fourteenth century when the Genoese sent rats and fleas to attacking Tartar soldiers who contracted the plague. A lot of the earliest attacks using biological warfare were using victims of the plague and catapulting them at enemies or giving them plague infested objects or stores. An early example of this is when the English gave the native americans smallpox infested blankets during the French and Indian war. Many of the native americans died because they had never been exposed to the disease.

It is only in the twentieth century that biological warfare has become a major threat worldwide because of new technology and the creation of weapons of mass destruction.

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Cause and Effect

Biological warfare is quite broad for it involves many different chemicals and diseases. The cause of many of these is hygine. Bombs have now been developed that spread biological weapons over a large amount of space. Other ways of spreading biological weapons is through spraying them into the air with aerosol.

AGENT DOWNWIND REACH (km) DEAD INCAPACITATED

Rift Valley Fever 1 400 5,000

Tick-borne encephalitis 1 500 5,000

Typhus 5 1,000 85,000

Brucellosis 10 500 100,000

Q-fever 0 150 15,000

Tularemia 0 0,000 15,000

Anthrax 0 5,000 15,000

But over the years other, more covert means of spreading these diseases have some up. For example, the recent scare around the world about anthrax in letters. Because it would only take a very small amount of Anthrax to kill or incapacitate someone. This is really why biological warfare is so different from the many other types of warfare, because of it's availability and how easy it is to use. Often only one plane or one person is needed to scatter the spores or vapore etc… for it to have major and long lasting damage. This also makes it a popular choice of many terrorist and gurilla fighters because it is easy to conceal.

The effects of Biological warfare can be much more widespread than tha of conventional warfare. Because the disease or virus can spread so quickly and widely it can spread hundreds of kilometres from where it was originally set off. Of course, this is only some biological weapons, there are many types that are all very different. Some of these have an incubation period when the actual agent is released after it had been spread or exposed. Some incubation periods can last years. This is another reason why it is such an effective weapon. Not only will most stay in the area's air and soil for up to decades after, but some may not be released for months or years.

Economic Considerations

Firstly, compared to other forms of warfare, biological warfare is quite cheap. For example; nuclear armaments- $800, chemical agents-$600, conventional armaments-$000 as compared to the low cost of biological weapons- $1, to produce 50% casualties per square kilometres. The low cost makes it a popular option of non-government terrorist organisations.

Secondly, biological warfare, when used, affects many members of the community. This may effect the means of production if many workers are sick. Along with this, reasourses may be effected. Anthrax for example, can leave massive quantities of dangerous spores in the ground for up to 00 years if animals that die of it are not burned. Grain stores can be contaminated by different biological weapons. During history this tactic had been employed by many armies. They would destroy what resources they could not use and then move on. In the third Persian war, the Persians contaminated the greeks wells with what is now thought to be a BACTERIAL AGENT called Francisella tularensis. They put ticks into the wells and much of the population was effected even after the Persians had left.

Scientific Advances in Biological Warfare

Even though Biological warfare has been used for centuries, only recently have there been scientific advances that make their use so widely possibly. Most noticeably, the great advances in microbiology and geanology. Advances in these fields have made it possible firstly, for the agents used to be very small and can be carried on the carrier's person. Secondly, genology had developed new breeds and more potent agents.

Political Issues

In 17 the U.S, Australia and manu other countries signed a UN Biological Weapons Convention treaty against germ, or biological, warfare. The treaty, which 14 nations have ratified, prohibits development, production and possession of biological weapons. But the treaty has lacked means of verifying compliance. US support for the idea is vital to give it real meaning. Though the US signed the treaty they have not strictly abided by the agreed apon policy. Now, the UN has added to this policy and now want to ban biological weapons. The US has the biggest stores of biological weapons in the world and the greatest capacity to use them. This is why it is so important for the US to sign the treaty out of the many countries that plan to or have. Australia is calling on the US to back the new treaty and ignore a review by the Bush administration that disagrees with the treaty.

Reasons the US have been giving include; that the treaty will not be effective, it's inspection provisions could be used to steal US secrets, it threatens commercial intrests in the US and jeopardize national security. US rejection of the protocol is also believed to have been heavily influenced by the pharmaceuticals industry, which controls 40% of the global market. They argued that international inspections would expose them to commercial piracy. Australia is at the head of the countries supporting this new protocol and has been pushing for it for six years.

This gives fresh evidense of the Bush administration's retreat from global co operation. In the last few years they have refused to sign the Kyoto protocol against greenhouse gas emissions and are opposing a new UN treaty to control small arms and have threatened to abandon the anti-ballistic missile treaty.

Controvercy

After September Eleventh 001 there was a big Anthrax scare in America. Many people would not open their mail for fear of finding white powder inside. Letters and parcels with Anthrax inside were sent to many organistions. Though many people believe this was the work of a middle-eastern terrorist group, some people think it is really American scientists who released the virus into the community. It is thought by some to be an experiment by the American government and scientists to see what the reaction and death rate would be of people exposed to the agent. The Unites States government issued a press release saying that they were in mo way involved with the exposure of the agent, but many people still believe this theory.

New found explanation for gulf war syndrome

The illness know as gulf war syndrome appears to have been caused by a vaccine that the soldiers were given. Research and tests have been done on many soldiers who participated in the Gulf War, and results point to an illegal vaccine they were given for biological weapons.

The common factor with the 75,000 US and British soldiers seems to be a substance called squalene which was allegedly injected into the soldiers who were to go into the Gulf. The deciding factor pointing to this theory is the fact that many men who did not go to the gulf but were vaccinated, have this illness.

The vaccine was for protection against biological warfare, but was not legalised because of potential side effects.

Mouse Contraceptive research produces killer Virus.

In 001 there was a large controvercy about Australia's accidental production of a smallpox-type killer virus that wipes out it's victims immune system. The virus was created during attempts to make a contraceptive for mice. It does not affect humans, but provides a blue-print for a similar virus that would.

This is new evidence that information and research published in acedmic journals and the like could be used by illegal groups to produce biological weapons.

The researches made this potential killer by inserting a gene that creates large amounts of the naturally occurring interleukin (il-4) into a mousepox virus. The aim was to make he animals infertile, but instead they created a virus that suppresses the immune system which combats infection and killed all the test animals in nine days.

Attempts to vaccinate the mice have failed, giving rise to fear that immunistation would be of little use if a human version of the virus was developed.

Defence or Offence?

It is said my many that one problem with the current treaty is that countries may develop biological weapons as long as they are for defence purposes. Many say that it is far too easy for countries to say they are developing them for defensive reasons, but really be developing offensive weapons. The treaty bars nations from developing, aquiring or stockpiling biological weapons to be used for "hostile purposes or in armed combat". It permits experiments on microbes, but as long as quantities are small and the purpose is defensive. It allows such experiments as long as the aim is "protective". Former US senior government lawyer Mary Elizabeth Hoinkes said the treaty was written to prevent nations from Developing Weapons. She insists that it was intended to bar even initial research on munitions that spread disease.

Biological warfare is not only a threat in war zones, but in many countries not effected by war worldwide. It is my view that the treaty stopping countries developing biological weapons should be signed and implemented for the sake of global safety .

Religion, Science, Medicine and Warfare. Illustrated history Encyclopedia. Published by Southwater in 000.

Encarta® World English Dictionary 1 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Developed for Microsoft by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.

http//www.telemedicine.org/BioWar/biologic.htm

http//www.gulfwarvets.com/biowar.htm

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The Bad Effects of Rock Music

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Music has always been a good source to open up our hearts and bring out the deepest feelings we hide, we listen to music because we want to feel better, forget our problems, but isn't at that point that another problem arises? Are people listening to good music? Rock music, frequently listened by many, produces damaging effects. This music produces at least one among several damages to the body, and to develop my opinion, so to make you see the effects, I gathered some information about the great bad effects it produces.

To begin, we must first consider some music elements, which are for example, harmony, timbre, rhythm, and tempo. Music without a good harmony is music that will make us feel bad. There is consonant harmony, which can be bright or dark, cheerful or melancholy, lyrical or disconnected, upbeat or slow. We also have dissonant harmony, which has sometimes similar effects to consonant harmony, but this type of music is more negative; this music is usually irritating, agitating, or has one of any number of negative effects. In all music there is timbre. Timbre is what allows us recognize if the music is pleasant or not to listen, what kind of music is harsh, and which one is clear. The clear voice of a singer for example, is more pleasant to listen to, while a harsh one is agitating; it sets the listener on edge. Music without rhythm and tempo is like not having a clock to measure our time and go crazy. Rhythm and tempo are not always used harmonically, but if so, they are then sympathetic to the body. We must be careful with tempo whether we produce music or listen to it; it should be used in a way that correspond the normal heart rate (60 to 10 beats per minute). Most music are between seventy and eighty beats per minute (Torres and Torres). Disharmonic rhythm and tempo are destructive to the body. Disharmonic tempo is outside the range of sixty to one hundred and twenty beats per minute, and also it includes frequent syncopation (as does almost all current popular music, and a lot of twentieth century art [sometimes called classical music]). Also, monotonous rhythm (the same rhythm repeated many times is disharmonic), (Scott Severance). In conclusion, music elements play a vital role.

As I said, rock music is damaging to the body. Why I say this? Well this music is bad music because it is disharmonic and addictive. To illustrate, I must state the example of an interview done to Schram in 1, an enthusiastic popular music listener. In his interview he said that if he goes too long without his preferred music, he feels depressed. In the same document, I read that numerous others reported the same phenomenon. However, they deny being negatively affected. The "withdrawal" symptoms, such as depression, are probably due largely to the heightened state of arousal caused by rhythm and tempo of disharmonic music. When some people have changed from disharmonic to harmonic, they report feeling better overall after initial withdrawal symptoms (Scott Severance, 1).

Heavy metal is one kind of disharmonic music we know already, but; can disharmonic music cause brain damage? Yes, it can. In a study (G.M Schreckenberg and H.H. Bird, 18), 6 mice were divided in three groups, each group listening to a different condition. One group listened to harmonic sound, another group listened to disharmonic, and the other one was exposed to a quiet environment. The researchers found out that disharmonic sound exposure can cause brain damage (excess branching of neuronal dendrites, and significant increases in messenger ribonucleic acid), and behavior degradation (hyperactivity, aggression, lethargy and inactiveness). In all, disharmonic music like heavy metal is damaging to the brain. Help with essay on The Bad Effects of Rock Music

Heavy metal is the music that has ever been criticized the most. This music was born in the late nineteen eighties, and its controversial lyrics and harsh sound have made it a target of much blame for psychological and behavioral problems, especially in teenagers. Some say that music helps them deal with the everyday problems. We all know that lately there have been shootings at some schools in the U.S, in which the protagonists of all have been teenagers. These teenagers, accused of aggression have been found to be fans of this controversial music (Shalleen L. Coss). The Greek Philosopher Plato once wrote, "A change to a new type of music is something to beware of as a hazard to all of our fortunes, for the modes of music are never disturbed without upsetting of the most fundamental political and social conventions" (p.). In conclusion, anytime we develop a new music, or reshape an old one, we are at the risk of changing our minds.

Music and its effects on mood are experienced everyday by millions of people. Aggressions are present in those with behavior disorders, and these individual amplify these aggressions by getting exposed to rock music. Also, individual free of aggression feelings beforehand may feel aggression after listening to the music or examining the song's lyrics. In all, lyrics in rock music play a damaging part too.

Before concluding, it is important to notice that not all kind of music is damaging and that if we change styles, we could benefit ourselves. Instead of listening to rock, or any other kind of disharmonic music, which we know already is bad; we could listen to music from Bach, Mozart, and even Yanni. Music from these composers are very harmonic and will not influence the body and mind in any negative way, on the contrary, they will enhance reasoning and increase the IQ, as explained in an article by Kristian David Olson. Choosing the type of music we listen is essential.

In conclusion, as stated above, there is evidence that music posses a great power over the mind, thus, it is our choice to be touched by the negative effects of it or the positive ones, it is our choice to develop a positive mind or a negative one. Napoleon understood the music's great power. He said, "Give me control over he who shapes the music of a nation, and I care not who makes the laws."

Please note that this sample paper on The Bad Effects of Rock Music is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Bad Effects of Rock Music, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on The Bad Effects of Rock Music will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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