Transformational Leadership

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Transformational leaders have a clear collective vision and most importantly they manage to communicate it effectively to all employees. By acting as role models, they inspire employees to put the good of the whole organization above self-interest. These leaders also stimulate the workforce to be more innovative, and they themselves take personal risks and are not afraid to use unconventional (but always ethical) methods in order to achieve the collective vision.

This form of leadership goes beyond traditional forms of transactional leadership that emphasized corrective action, mutual exchanges and rewards only when performance expectations were met. Transactional leadership relies mainly on centralized control were managers controlled most activities, telling each person what, when and how to do each task Transformational leaders, on the other hand, trust their subordinates and leave them space to breathe and grow. It is a more developmental and constructive form of leadership for both individual employees and the organisation as a whole.

COMPONENTS OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

Transformational leadership contains four components

1. Charisma or idealized influence

. Inspirational motivation

. Intellectual stimulation

4. Individual consideration

In addition transformational leaders transform or change their followers in three important ways that together lead to those same followers trusting their leader, performing behaviours that contribute to the achievement or organisational goals, and being motivated to perform at high levels and standards

1. Transformational leaders increase subordinates awareness of the importance of their tasks and the importance of performing them well.

. Transformational leaders make subordinates aware of their needs for personal growth, development and accomplishment.

. Transformational leaders motivate their subordinates to work for the good of the organisation rather than exclusively for their own personal gain or benefit.

Transformational leaders can also be considered as charismatic leaders, where they have a vision of how good things could be in an organisation that contrasts with how things currently are. The clearly communicate this vision to their followers and, through their own excitement and enthusiasm, induce their followers to enthusiastically support his vision. They tend to have high levels of self-confidence and self-esteem, which further encourage their followers to respect and admire them.

Such leaders influence their followers by intellectually stimulating them to become aware of problems in their groups and organisation and view their problems from a new perspective, one consistent with the leader's vision. A transformational leader causes followers to view problems differently and feel some degree of responsibility for helping to solve them.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Numerous studies have shown that transformational leadership

• significantly increases organisational performance;

• is positively linked with long term market share and customer satisfaction;

• generates higher commitment to the organisation from their employees;

• increases employee trust in management and organisational citizenship behaviours (i.e., extra-role work-related behaviours such as conscientiousness, altruism and sportsmanship that are discretionary, not related to the formal reward system of the organization);

• enhances employee satisfaction with both their job and the leader; and

• reduces employee stress and increases wellbeing.

When things go wrong in an organisation, blame is most often laid at the leaders door. In addition to being held responsible for the success or failure of whole organisation, leaders are also held responsible for the performance of the individuals and groups within an organisation. Similarly the high sales performance of another group may be attributed to the exceptional leadership provided by the groups manager. The common belief that leaders 'make a difference' and can have a major impact on individuals, groups and whole organisations has promoted organisational behaviour researchers to devote considerable effort to understanding leadership.

Researchers have focused primarily on two leadership issues

1. Why some members of an organisation become leaders while others do not and

. Why some leaders are more effective or successful than others.

In general, research confirms the popular belief that leadership is indeed an important ingredient of individual, group and organisational effectiveness. Good leaders incite individuals, groups and whole organisations to perform at a high level and achieve their goals. Conversely, a lack of effective leadership is often a contributing factor to dull performance.

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Sonnet 73 by William Shakespeare

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Shakespeare's Sonnet 7 Critical essay

Shakespeare's 'Sonnet 7' is a poem that display's the inevitability of death, which is a universal theme. It is about Shakespeare coming to terms that he is going to die and the different seasons of the year compare to the stages of the his life; Spring is when he is born and winter is his death. We start off during autumn, where he is gradually deteriorating, until we get into winter where he dies. A question that will be continually addressed is how Shakespeare portrays a universal theme and how his style effectively contributes to the main ideas of the poem. The poem's structure is set in three quatrains and a rhyming couplet to conclude. It has a typical a, b, a, b rhyme scheme.

Sonnet 7 is a sonnet that is full of effective imagery. The effectiveness of the sonnet is heightened by its common images, such as fall, sunset, night and fire that are comprehensible to anybody who reads it. In the first quatrain Shakespeare alludes to his condition through nature and seasons. He describes himself as a tree and his circumstance, as autumn. This imagery is like the cycle of a tree throughout the four seasons. The speaker is like a tree in that his hair is turning color and falling out with age, his body has grown frail and weakened and his winter is coming soon. For the speaker, however, he will not be revived again next spring.

The most interesting part of the first quatrain is the second line when yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang because the normal advancing of fall is thrown off balance. The normal progression is the leaves turning color then falling off. However not all trees turn color at the same time and not all leaves fall simultaneously. Shakespeare mixes up the order of the trees maturation to force people to look at nature and how it can change. The imagery of the first quatrain gives a feeling of changing of color, a long wait and coldness.Buy cheap Sonnet 73 by William Shakespeare term paper

The second quatrain sees the speaker referring to another common yet effective concept. A sunset and twilight are used to describe his feelings and thoughts of the approaching end to his life. The speaker sees his life as the remaining sunlight that is rapidly being over taken by the darkness. In darkness, which is a connotation of death, is when people sleep and to the speaker, sleep is deaths second self. Black night, which connotates death is at the speaker's heels as the light is being devoured. He says, what you see in him is the twilight after sunset. The sunlight is a great thing much like the Shakespeare in his younger, healthier days. Now, however, the sunlight is almost gone, but you can still see a hint of it before the darkness catches up. This quatrain sends feelings of darkening, but also of warmth because of the imagery of the sunset. Also, its span of time has diminished from a season to a single night.

In the third quatrain, the trends of darkening, warming and length of time decrease. Shakespeare compares himself to a fire that is burnt down to embers. He says "That on the ashes of his youth doth lie" when he uses ashes it connotates cremation and there is no return from it. He can not live like he did in his youth and the same things can not sustain him. He speaks of the flame being smothered by what first nourished it. This sounds like, what made him strong killed him in the end. In this last quatrain, all the images had changed from how they started. At the beginning of the sonnet there were the yellow colorful leaves on the trees. Into the second quatrain darkness starts to invade the light and by the end of line twelve the last glowing ashes in the fire had gone out. Length of time was another changing factor. A season became a night, and a night became a few minutes. The only thing that stayed the same was the message. Shakespeare is preparing the listener and himself for his impending death.

The rhyming couplet of the sonnet, are very important. The speaker realises that his love sees all these diminishing characteristics and that he is not what he once was, but loves him in spite of, if not for, all these qualities. The last line presents a twist. Shakespeare says which thou must leave ere long. All this time it is assumed that Shakespeare is the one who is leaving but he states at the end that it is the other person instead. The speaker is praising the other for their perception and their ability to love unconditionally and was describing both of their states throughout the sonnet.

In Shakespeare's sonnet 7, the familiar, common concepts used by Shakespeare, are very effective in terms of the imagery they create. The sonnet about how someone beholds another and their perception is perhaps one of the best. The descriptions of darkening and warmth are universal images that are associated with a person facing death. Shakespeares use of words and images creates a very effective and enjoyable sonnet.

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What it means to be gay

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Introduction

Gay, fag, queer. When many people hear these words, they think of them negatively. They believe that being gay is taboo, a sin, a mistake. Our sex-crazed society is to blame for this. Boys are supposed to have sex with girls and girls are supposed to have sex with boys, at least thats what most people swear by. Boys having sex with boys and girls having sex with girls is considered by many people to be nasty and sinister.

It is estimated that approximately 10% of the American population is gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender. It is widely believed that sexual orientation is pre-determined at birth and it cannot be changed. God makes some people gay and some people straight. Consider it balance; not of good and evil, but of straight and gay. Gays have always had a hard time being accepted in society. They have faced constant physical and verbal abuse and an alarming suicide rate. In fact, 46% of gay teens attempt suicide.

This e-book contains facts about gayness, advice for gay teens, and many resources that can be found online.Do my essay on What it means to be gay CHEAP !

Discovery

Its not about if youre gay, its about when you discover it.

Discovering that youre gay can be a very difficult experience. Typically, gay teens go through denial for periods over 6 months. They try to convince themselves that theyre straight and normal. Unfortunately for some, all the convincing in the world cannot change sexual orientation.

After the initial period of denial, depression often comes in to play. In most situations, gays act gay and their classmates abuse them because of it. That leads us to the next section.

Homophobia

Kids today are raised in a very homophobic society. Because of this, they feel they need condemn gayness to fit in with the crowd. People who act gay in school are considered outcasts and horny freaks.

Gays are abused in many different ways. One of the most common ways is verbal harassment. In verbal harassment, gay teens are imitated and mocked. Your presumed lifestyle is ruthlessly insulted. People come to the conclusion that you are gay even when you have not confessed it to anyone.

Physical harassment is the most dangerous of its kind. Heterosexuals are often driven to hurt homosexuals out of hate and ignorance. Physical harassment can range from a punch to a beating. Often, gay bashings (no matter how severe) are brought on by groups of people who equally hate gays. They do unimaginable things to prove their points and to make gays feel as miserable as possible.

Verbal abuse and physical abuse are demons that attack in similar ways. Verbal abuse can drive gay teens to bring harm upon themselves and physical abuse can have the same effect. If you allow homophobes to affect the way you feel about yourself, theyve won. There are two ways to fight against them and they must be used in conjunction to work. One way is to feel strong inside yourself. The other way is to get involved in the gay community and to communicate with other gay people (see the Resources section for information about how to do this online). The thing you shouldnt do is fight back physically or verbally. If you do this, the homophobes feel that they have won because they have gotten you angry; in a sense, they have achieved their goal.

Sexual Feelings

A large part of being gay is having sexual feelings towards people of the same sex. These feelings are sources of confusion for many gay teens. Gay males are consistently turned on (usually to the point of getting an erection) by other guys and are not turned on by girls. Its important to know that a short boner when seeing another guy with a boner doesnt really mean youre gay, in fact, it is sometimes a natural reaction. If youre gay male, you will have these feelings for long periods of time, and again, girls will not turn you on. The same philosophy applies for gay females. Lesbians will have sexual feelings and desires for other girls and not have a lot of sexual desires for guys.

Bisexuality can be very complicated. Bisexuals have feelings for people of their own sex as well as for people of the other sex. The feelings may vary. Some bisexuals have more sexual feelings for one sex than for the other sex.

No matter what kind of sexual feelings you have, it is important not to be scared off by them. Sex is part of every person whether theyre gay, bi or straight. Its also important to remember that you were born the way you are but sexual feelings can always shift later in life.

Gay Culture

Unlike anti-gay activists want you to believe, there is no definite gay culture, just like there is no definite straight culture. Gays are individuals with different attitudes and different levels of sexuality. There are sexually active gays and sexually conservative gays.

Anti-gay activists also want you to believe that being gay is all about sex. Its not. Being gay is about having the ability to love people of the same gender. Expressing that love can involve sex.

Gays are gaining an increasing amount of importance in society. They are slowly gaining respect from the general public. We are an established community with an extremely wide variety of members. Being part of this community is very important if youre gay. It makes you feel like youre not alone and youre not a deviant. For a list of online resources, see the Resources section below.

By Edgar Walker III

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Future of Management

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The future of leadership largely depends on the approach managers of all levels have toward employees in their organization. Leadership itself has always been one of the biggest strengths of an organization. The future should show just how vital that leadership becomes. It use to be that leadership came only from the top of an organization. Even today, and more so in the future, leadership is and will be widespread within the organization at all levels. Strategy is still set by leaders and managers at the top, but it is no longer necessary for those same leaders and managers to see that the company goals are achieved. They can now place that responsibility on individuals and teams that are designated by them to achieve those goals.

Management and leadership are two separate things all together. These words are often mistaken to mean the same but in reality leadership is a part of management. In fact, leadership is one of the most important traits of a good manager. However, being a leader and being a manager is not necessarily the same thing. In fact, in most organizations today we have leaders in every level in some facet. For a leader to become a manager he or she has to hold some sort of formal authority over other employees. Managers can also be leaders who do not necessarily have to lead all the time. Organizations that are structured in teams or departments will have leaders within each group. This shows that there does not always have to be a set leader at the top to be successful.

One of the major differences between leaders and managers are that managers are more likely to follow the guidelines set by the company in order to achieve their goals. Leaders are more likely to follow their own instincts and do things in a way in which they have grown accustomed to in order to achieve the same goals. Leaders often offer a different perspective than do managers. Managers often have a set way of doing things according to how they were trained by the company. Leaders of teams or departments will often add their own suggestions or ideas on how to solve problems or on how to reach an objective.

Leaders are the heart of the business, (Stever Robbins, 00). Managers are the brains of the business, (Stever Robbins, 00). Leaders are people who have a caring and understanding of the other people in the organization. Leaders work to keep up moral and keep people motivated especially when the organization is going through a difficult time. A good leader will find ways of occupying employees' attention in order to reach goals. Management has a different mindset. Managers are like robots of the company. They take what is given to them by the company and they instill certain rules, procedures, and guidelines for employees to follow. These things are all important to the success of the organization.Buy cheap Future of Management term paper

As we talk about leadership and management we also have to consider in what direction leadership and management is going. There is an emerging concept of management that is becoming widespread among many businesses. This concept, which is often compared to laissez-faire, is known as "Hands-Off" Management, (Rod Walsh & Dan Carrison, 001). The concept of hands-off refers to the method of empowering employees. In the old style of thinking, managers or small business owners thought that they had to do the majority of the work in order to be successful. With this style or concept, managers or owners can delegate or distribute the workload amongst all of the employees. This works in two ways. First, it relieves a lot of pressure from the manager or owner and it also gives them more time to deal with technical issues. Second, this concept allows these employees to gain experience in a way in which they would never have before. While the manager or owners hands are off, the employees are learning hands-on.

When we think of management we think of the four functions of management. The four functions of management are Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling. The basic principles of these four functions will remain the same in the future, but there are ways in which each one will need be tweaked in order to adapt to change. We have already seen major changes in organizing. Planning, leading, and controlling will change based on the personnel of each organization. Employees of today are generally more educated than in the past. Today's employees are also becoming more involved in leadership roles and decision-making. Organizations will need to make adjustments to their personnel instead of the personnel making adjustments to the organization.

In conclusion, the future of management is very bright. The new breed of employee is hungry for success and in some cases hungry for wealth. This combination is a key motivating factor. The days of management having total control is no longer necessary. Today's manager is better off empowering employees to do certain jobs that were once the sole responsibility of the manager. A single chain-of-command is no longer the best way of seeing results. Teamwork is and will be the future of management.

Please note that this sample paper on Future of Management is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Future of Management, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Future of Management will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Youth and Socialization

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Socialization takes place during one's entire life; it is the process that one learns the physical, mental and social skills one needs to survive in their culture. It is important for one's well-being and it is also important for the protection and constancy of one's society (Watt, ). Two major forces that socialization depends on are heredity and the environment. Heredity determines one's physical make-up, while environment affects how one develops and behaves. Development is obtained by interacting with people. It strongly influences what kind of person one becomes, and it begins in very early childhood. The most important agents of socialization are family, peers and the media.

The family probably has the strongest influence on a person's life. It is a primary agent of socialization. Family is the grounds by which an individual learns most of the basic or primary norms and values of society, such as the difference between right and wrong, social manners and proper behavior and gender roles (Watt, ). Individuals are socialized by praise or punishment or by direct orders and commands, such as, "Don't do that!" or "You have been bad so no dessert for you." Also, by telling or reading stories, parents are able to convey society's norms and values to their children. An example of this is the Nineteenth century British culture's The Tale of Peter Rabbit. It teaches children the bad outcomes that can arise from disobeying their parents. Other ways parents enforce socialization is by seeking out playmates for their children, joining play groups, or joining organizations such as Brownies. They do this because they usually want their preschool children to learn how to interact with adults and children outside of their family.

Another important agent of socialization is peers. This is a very important secondary agent that grows in importance to a child as they mature into adolescence and then declines sharply after school graduation

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(Watt, 5). Peer groups serve as reference groups. A reference group is a group of people one mentally refers to when needing a solution to a problem. An example of this is when one is considering a particular action or deciding how to behave in a certain situation. Peer groups teach individuals how to share, handle conflict, participate with others, and see how capable their mental, physical and social abilities are. Peers help as adolescents go through their identity problems when they are not sure what they are doing and who exactly they are. The way people dress, behave and their attitudes are encouraged by peers, while others will be ridiculed, rejected, or modified by them (Watt, 7). Erik Erikson believes that most adolescents achieve a sense of identity by their early twenties, and that is when peers fade as a socializing agent.

The last crucial agent of socialization is one of controversial issue. It is clear that the media has become a major agent of socialization. This is precisely because people realize that the media is a powerful socializing agent, but they are unsure about how influential it is and if it is harmful (Watt, 8). Starting at the age of 1, an average child watches 17,000 hours of television by their high school graduation; while they only spend 11,000 in school (CBC Research). Television wins the popularity contest hands down among other forms of media, such as radio, magazines and newspapers. Reasons why television is more popular are the continuous rapid movements and loud sounds which cause the viewer to be completely oriented to the screen, the interactions between people and events that are vivid and short causing several senses to be stimulated by the bombardment of sights and sounds. The media as an agent of socialization is unlike the others. Unlike family and peers where people are able to communicate verbally or physically by having a two-way conversation where the interaction elicits a response from the two involved conversations, television is a one-sided process in which the individual cannot interact with the agent, so the agent just sends the viewer a message. But the viewer can not influence the message being delivered.

Another way television influences children is because they have not developed the capacity to distinguish fantasy from reality, they are unable to distinguish between a story line and a commercial, and they do not know what is true and what is fictional (Watt, ). Too much violence in children's programs is a concern because children may come to believe that the fantasy violence they see on T.V is commonplace and acceptable in order to resolve problems in society. Media also has been guilty at times for stereotyping racial minorities, as well as young people and old people, among other groups. Thus, young children may think it is okay to discriminate and demonstrate/exhibit prejudice. Marketers are also guilty of often using the media as a way to sell their product because they can brainwash children to want their products and create a fantasy for them.

To avoid falling into confusion and disorder, societies must have ground rules that most of its members will accept without question. Waiting one's turn in a line-up at a store, and saying, "please," and "thank you", are society's social norms and values that people must be willing to obey. Thus, this is why it is important that individuals learn how to socialize appropriately .They can establish this with family, peers and the media.

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'Much Ado about Nothing' in fact has a great deal to say about love and marriage. What is Shakespeare trying to tell us about relationships between men and women? Compare the play's treatment of love with that in 'Silas Marner'.

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on 'Much Ado about Nothing' in fact has a great deal to say about love and marriage. What is Shakespeare trying to tell us about relationships between men and women? Compare the play's treatment of love with that in 'Silas Marner'.. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality 'Much Ado about Nothing' in fact has a great deal to say about love and marriage. What is Shakespeare trying to tell us about relationships between men and women? Compare the play's treatment of love with that in 'Silas Marner'. paper right on time.

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'Much Ado about Nothing'

Literature Essay

'Much Ado about Nothing' in fact has a great deal to say about love and marriage. What is Shakespeare trying to tell us about relationships between men and women? Compare the play's treatment of love with that in 'Silas Marner'.

IntroductionCheap College Papers on 'Much Ado about Nothing' in fact has a great deal to say about love and marriage. What is Shakespeare trying to tell us about relationships between men and women? Compare the play's treatment of love with that in 'Silas Marner'.

The main bulk of the story of Shakespeare's 'Much Ado about Nothing' is built around the theme of love. In this play Shakespeare puts across his views about love and relationships between men and women. I believe that one of the messages he was meaning to put across was that for a relationship to work, it is very important that the people know each other and they also need to know themselves. He says a lot about relationships between men and women through four of the play's coupled characters. The relationships between these two couples contrast greatly. One (between Beatrice and Benedick) is built on solid, deep foundations. They have history between them and know each other well. The other partnership (between Claudio and Hero) is built on shallow foundations on physical attraction, infatuation. These two are much younger than the wiser Beatrice and Benedick. They don't know each other and have had no previous experience of being together. I will study the comparisons between these two relationships as well as studying some other relationships involved in the play.

Benedick and Beatrice

At first, Beatrice and Benedick behave very immaturely and childishly towards each other. It seems they really do hate and can't stand one another, but at the same time it seems they can't have enough of each other's company. They prove they are interested and do actually care by the way one always talk about the other to their friends, even if it they do speak of them with resent. The fact that they are constantly thinking about each other shows that they are interested.

They are constantly throwing cruel insults at each other and battling in a 'merry war'. Throughout most of the play, every time they meet a fight breaks out between them. The first thing Beatrice says about Benedick is to call him "Signor Mountanto", which is a very insulting remark, calling him stuck up and bigheaded. All their wit is used in throwing insults at each other. In lines 115-40 she refers to his love, possibly their relationship in the past, and scorns many aspects of his character. In her opinion he is unpleasant and despicable. She is not at all gentle in her remarks. They are passionate with hatred. But she protests against Benedick excessively, which suggests she may actually like him. "Faith niece, you tax Signor Benedick too much" (1141) even Leonato comments on her being too harsh on Benedick (who in fact is not really quite as vicious towards Beatrice as she is to him).

There is a struggle for supremecy between them, a fight for power. One possible reason behind the power struggle is that they do care about each other. There is a kind of inverted mutual respect for the opponent.

The two have a lot in common. They both are very strong-minded and witty, intelligent, worldly-wise and perceptive. These very similar characters both are also highly cynical about love and marriage. Benedick is always saying how little he trust women and that he would rather die than love. Their view on love and marriage may have been affected by hurt in the past. Because they have some kind of romantic history between them they know each other very well. This allows them to really be able to poke at each other's characters in this childish war. But, the fact they know each other so well means that they must be accustomed to their company and behaviour and have seen and know all sides of their personalities. This is an advantage which would be a great strength to a relationship.

Beatrice and Benedick mature gradually through the play. By the end, Benedick is no longer always fooling about by the end of the play. Before, you could never be sure if he is serious or not, but as he matures he becomes more sincere. Their increase in maturity also leads to an increase in respect for each other and the learning and realising of their true feelings.

Shakespeare makes the point that for relationships to work, some tests have to be endured. Beatrice and Benedick's relationship endures some tests, the biggest of which is targeted upon Benedick the two words Beatrice speaks on line 4185 after the wedding lead Benedick into having to make a very difficult choice. "Kill Claudio"… It is a test for Benedick to find out for himself how much he really loves Beatrice. If he walked away at that, their relationship would surely be over. He has just seconds to search for a mature decision inside himself, and he makes the choice of rejecting his friends, rejecting his reputation in society, rejecting being an honourable soldier, just to be with her. This is where he realises that he really is in love with her, and she infers from his answer that he is serious about it, meaning she will then start to realise that she really loves him too. Shakespeare is saying that every relationship will have its crisis points. Benedick passes his test, gets through the crisis point, resulting in a stronger relationship with Beatrice. Claudio, however, fails this test, which shows his weakness in his youth, inexperience and naivety.

Claudio and Hero

The relationship between Claudio and Hero is a lot weaker and unrealistic than that between Beatrice and Benedick. Their behaviour towards each other is naïve, immature and untrusting. What happens in the disastrous wedding scene is an example of their lack of trust in each other and how little they know one another. Because they haven't been in each other's company for long, and they don't know each other well at all, they aren't wary of the bad sides of each other's characters. They haven't seen the worst of each other, so they will be unprepared when the worst of them show.

Hero doesn't make decisions for herself. She has a childlike dependence on society and her father to grow and develop her, make her choices for her. Leonato (her father) tells her what to do with her life and who to love. She is expected by her father to accept any decent proposal which comes to her. Leonato is very much in control of her life, which is shown in the quote "Well niece, I trust you will be ruled by your father" (14). In Act Scene 1 Claudio proposes to Hero. She seems unable to answer for herself, and is told by Leonato to accept the proposal.

Hero is very innocent, naïve and also very quiet. Shakespeare doesn't give Hero much dialogue at all. In doing this he could be putting across a point that this is an example of how a woman should behave in a relationship, or that a stronger relationship requires more communication.

Leonato and Hero

Because he is so wrapped up in the society of Messina and his position in the society, Leonato is unable to really show his love for Hero. He does love her but they aren't very close and this is shown in the wedding scene. It proves that Leonato doesn't really know his daughter; otherwise he would have known for sure that Hero was completely innocent at the time of the wrongful accusation. The fact that Leonato was willing to believe the slander directed against Hero and her apparently undamaged love for him is a sign of how Leonato doesn't know his daughter and how he doesn't trust her enough to be sure that she is innocent.

Don John and Don Pedro

Don John and Don Pedro have a relationship which isn't very close at all and it's quite competitive, but most of the competition is coming from Don John, who perhaps is jealous of his brother. Don Pedro is a highly respected man of great stature and has a good reputation in society. Don John, being the bastard that he is, doesn't get the same kind of respect and affection.

Don Pedro is an instrument of harmony, bringing people together. He is a symbol of righteousness, justice and good. Don John is a nasty piece of work, a very resentful, mischievous, malicious character. He is a misanthropist, hating everyone especially his brother Don Pedro.

Although they have completely different personalities, Don John and Don Pedro have a few similarities. They both inspire loyalty in their followers. Don John has Borachio and Conrade, Don Pedro has Benedick and Claudio (though Benedick leaves his side for Beatrice). The difference in that though is that Conrade and Borachio's loyalty for Don John is inspired by money and evil, whereas Claudio and Benedick's loyalty to Don Pedro is inspired more by friendship and honour (they are all soldiers). They also both share an absence of romance in their lives.

Comparison with 'Silas Marner'

Both 'Much Ado about Nothing' and 'Silas Marner' revolve around the theme of love and relationships, and the troubles which are encountered on the road to happy-ever-after. Similarities are seen between Silas and characters in the play. For example, Silas and Hero were both falsely accused and cast out from their social groups; Silas and Benedick both have little trust in women after hurt in their history with women; Silas Marner and a number of characters in the play all mature during the stories and, after some crises, eventually find light and happiness.

Silas Marner- by George Elliot

Much Ado About Nothing- William Shakespeare

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The Crucible – Character Analysis

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The Crucible Character Analysis

The Crucible by Arthur Miller takes place in Salem, Massachusetts, where a theocratic government defines relationships in the town; the townspeople's reputation within the church and community plays a major role in the fate given to them. The people's righteousness is tested when a group of girls begin a wave of deceit that witchcraft is being practiced among them. The strong moral outlook of the towns people changes as they blame others to relieve themselves of being condemned. Elizabeth Proctor is one of those accused of witchcraft, and unlike the general public, doesn't try to blame others in an effort to save herself. In the beginning of the story, Elizabeth acts as a moral woman who is judgmental of her husband, however she is later transformed into a person who allows love to overshadow her moral standards; and in the end she combines both her love and ethic character in sacrificing her husband.

In the beginning of the play, Elizabeth is an ethical and moral woman who refused to lie to save herself from accusations others formed about her. Even her husband John admitted that she has never lied, and is a very religious and conservative woman. She is also unsure about her ability to fully trust others, especially her husband. Her marriage with John has been in turmoil ever since the affair between John Proctor and Abigail Williams was revealed to her. From the time when John admitted his lecherous actions with Abigail, Elizabeth has been confused about where their relationship presently stands. In addition to judging John for his involvement with a seventeen-year-old girl, Elizabeth distrusts Abigail's accusations as well. Although John admits to his relations with Abigail in a conversation with Elizabeth, she finds it hard to believe his is being truthful. This quote presented later in the play, shows you how she is still skeptical about John's feelings for Abigail; and also Abigail's intensions in loving John. "Spoke or silent, a promise is surely made. And she may dote on it now- I am sure she does- and thinks to kill me then to take my place" (64). Even though Proctor is frustrated with Elizabeth's lack of faith in him, he knows how honest she is, " In her life, sir, she have never lied..."(116).

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Towards the middle of the play, Elizabeth strays from her truthful character out of a sense of loyalty to her husband. She moves beyond the Puritan perspective of right and wrong, and her real love for Proctor is revealed. When the court asks John if he did, or did not commit lechery with Abigail Williams, he breaks down and confesses it. John makes one desperate bid for this authority by finally overcoming his desire to protect his good name, he hopes to replace his wifes suspected guilt with his own guilt and bring down Abigail in the process. After the judges question John, Elizabeth is asked the same question and she deviate from the normal moral stance. Elizabeth starts to feel different about John and tries to make sense of his behavior. In this next quote she tries to explain to the judge that he is sincerely a good man, "I- in that time I were sick. And I- my husband is a god and righteous man" (118). She then said Proctor had not had an affair with Abigail, not knowing that John had already confessed he was a lecher. She lied despite knowing it was sinful, she wanted to save her husband, and risked her own security in the process of doing so." Is your husband a lecher!"…" No, sir"(118). Elizabeth lies for John because she loves him and feels she owes this to him, for giving him a difficult time about trusting and forgiving him.

In the end of the play, Elizabeth is transformed into a more trustful woman who is not so judgmental, and allows love to modify her moral principles. By this time, she assures herself that John is a good man, and although he has made some wrong decisions, his faults should not overcome the goodness of his character. For the first time, Elizabeth tells John directly that she knows deep down that he is a good person,"Only be sure of this, for I know it now Whatever you will do, it is a good man does it" (14). Elizabeth knows that John's decision to not confess and suffer the consequences of witchery by being hung is the moral and honorable one." He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!" (15). Elizabeth's quote shows how she and John's understand one another. To help save herself and her husband's dignity, she doesn't hold John back from making his life ending decision.

Through the course of this play, Elizabeth seems to starts as a woman lives the life of a Puritan, as honorably as she can, not because she is afraid of the consequences, but rather for the assuring self- respect. Elizabeth changes dramatically. She realizes her love for John Proctor is more important than the subconscious guilt caused by lying. Although she risks everything to help save Proctor, she still values her own life. In the play of The Crucible, Elizabeth Proctor evolves from a one-dimensional woman to one who is strong, and self-assured of her morality. During the chaos of the witch trails in Salem, she begins to bend her morality for her own principles, by lying for John. Finally, comprehending how important the ideas of life and love meant to her.

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