Investment banking v. Investment research

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Economic Policy Debate

Investment Banking is basically the practice of a financial firm issuing and underwriting stock for a separate company who pays a fee for the company to do so.

Investment banks, and firms serve a range of activities, along with selling, and, trading stocks, and bonds they provide financial advice. These services are being provided to companies, governments, non-profit institutions, and individuals. The research teams of an investment bank provide the link to the institutions that own the clients stock. Part of an investment banks duty is to provide knowledge and advice to corporations. If the research branch of an investment bank were separated then many primary functions would not be possible.

Separation of investment banking and investment research is a theory that supposedly lets analysts express their true views on stocks without fear of cramping the style of investment bankers. Complete separation is such an extreme answer to a problem that it is not plausible and would likely create more problems then it would fix.

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Researchers and investment bankers have been tied together for over 50 years and even though maybe consumers should not get their investment information from such a biased source, this favoritism towards companies that they are doing business with has been an expected part of the business. Companies and consumers are both accustomed to the analysts producing reports that are basically paid advertising. Most investors are aware of this. The recent extreme reaction to this problem is only because of the recent drop in the stock market. Something should be done to make investors fully aware of the difference between a biased source and more biased source, but you will never fully get rid of bias or bias reports

A bank has to hire analysts. Maybe the government can restrict publication of the their reports but it can't restrict a company from hiring analysts. Analysts produce helpful and informational reports to companies and consumers free of charge. If separation were to occur companies and consumers and banks would all have to buy costly reports. This would basically drive up the entire cost of investing.

This is taking an extreme measure for a practice that is not frequent or overly abused. The research reports should be required by law to be clearly distinguished as produced by the Investment Bank that the company is doing business with, much in the same way long advertisements in magazines have ADVERTISMENT written on the top and bottom of the page to make clear to the magazine reader that this is not an article whose opinions represent those of the editor

It would not only put many good analysts out of a job but, also call for a whole new field of researchers that without being affiliated with Investment banks and firms would have to charge a lot more money then usual analysts. Jon Eagleton (who is president of Investars, which is a research firm that tracks analyst performance) said, "At the end of the day it would actually be the individual investors who would suffer from the separation the most." That is interesting considering the whole theory of separating research from banking would be to protect and help the investors.

As Association for Investment Management & Research president Thomas Bowman points out, it wouldnt do anything to eliminate other conflicts of interest that analysts fall prey to, such as pressure from the companies they cover to maintain a positive outlook and pressure from money-management clients who read their research not to downgrade the stocks they own. These are pressures that have not been addressed,

Unfortunately it is true that there are dishonest analysts working to increase the business of investment banking. As in every field there are also thousands of hard-working honest Americans giving the best reports they can for their clients. Passing this law would punish all of the good firms along with the few bad ones.

Instead of complete separation between banking and investing the best solution would be a series of reforms to improve the industry. New rules would require analysts to be paid solely on performance. This isnt easy to do, but new independent research firms, such as Investars and Starmine, are already springing up that track analyst performance and can be used to reward the ones that have the most accurate earnings forecasts and make clients the most money. This will discourage false reports given from dishonest analysts. Firms are also ridding themselves of bad analysts; the Association for Investment Management & Research has recently announced that they are investigating over 100 cases involving researchers and their fixed and faulty reports. These analysts will be stripped of their Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) credential, which will permanently remove them from the industry.

In conclusion, passing this law would not only change the stock and trade market, but could dangerously hurt our economy, as the stock market is already dangerously low.

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The Road to Brown

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1. Wartime Black Migration

During WWI, southern Blacks began to move north, where there were more jobs and less racism. The increased number of Blacks led to a White backlash and conditions like Southern racism. During the war, blacks left their traditional homes in the South and migrated North for job opportunities in the war industries. About 500,000 blacks migrated North during the war. This led to racial tension and violence in the North. This growing concentration of blacks led to the Harlem Renaissance.

. Fair Employment Practices Committee

Roosevelt issued this committee in 141 to enforce the policy of prohibiting employment-related discrimination practices by federal agencies, unions, and companies involved in war-related work for the purpose of enforcing an Executive Order and made possible the employment of million blacks. It was enacted by executive order 880 on June 5, 141 to prohibit discrimination in the armed forces.Do my essay on The Road to Brown CHEAP !

. An America Dilemma

Gunnar Myrdal wrote An American Dilemma to increase White awareness of the awful discrimination against Blacks. A Swedish economist, Gunnar wrote about anticipated changes in race relations, as well as the problems between the races in 144. He specifically noted that Black veterans returned with very high expectations from civilian life due to war.

4. Smith vs. Allright

In 144 the NAACP won a major victory in Smith v. Allwright, which outlawed the white primary.

5. Jackie Robinson

Pasadena resident and UCLA alum Robinson breaks the color barrier by being the first black to play major league baseball in modern times. He was the first African-American baseball player to play professionally in 147. He was able to break the color barrier and seemed to successfully overcome the racism so prevalent in his sport. Robinson was also was able to contribute to the winning of the pennant and Rookie of the Year in his first year of playing.

6. Desegregations of the Armed Forces

Pres. Truman issues executive order requiring integrated units in the armed forces. In July, Truman issued an executive order establishing a policy of racial equality in the Armed Forces be put into effect as rapidly as possible. He also created a committee to ensure its implementation. Truman ended segregation in the army to provide support during World War II to ensure victory. He was the first president to deal with the legislative civil rights since the implementation of Reconstruction and fought for many other civil rights acts but was denied.

7. Impact of Television

The ensuing scenes of violence were shown throughout the nation and the world in newspapers, magazines, and most importantly, on television. Much of the world was shocked by the events in Birmingham, and the reaction to the violence increased support for black civil rights.

8. Sweat v. Painter

In Sweat v. Painter (150), the Supreme Court decided that the University of Texas had to integrate its law school.

. Laurin v. Oklahoma

G.W. McLaurin, an African American who was preparing to be a teacher, was admitted to the University of Oklahoma. McLaurin was assigned a separate table in the library and in the cafeteria. He wasn't allowed to sit in the same classroom as white students. Instead, he had to strain to hear his professors' lectures form an empty classroom next door.

10. American Role as Defender of Democracy in the Cold War

Civil Rights movement and African Americans' struggle for social and economic equality were contributed to defending democracy.

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How to fall asleep

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Yesterday morning, I had a baseball game in Butler and I had a two-hour ride to the field on which we were going to play. I had nothing to do so I decided that I was going to try to fall asleep. Though I wanted to sleep, I was not tired at all. Actually, I was wide-awake. This state of consciousness was a huge problem and I tried many methods in order to fall asleep. First, I tried the conventional method of just trying to find a comfortable position on the van seat and closing my eyes. After about ten minutes, I realized that this method of falling asleep was not working for me at all and that I would never fall asleep using this method. I then realized that falling asleep was going to be much more difficult than I had initially thought and there were many reasons for this difficulty. A few of the problems being that Coach Gessner had the radio blaring and some of the players were singing along and then all of the other players were conversing and making noise. Next, I tried my second method of falling asleep. I put on my hooded sweatshirt and pulled the hood over the top of my head. This idea was a good technique because the hood now had two purposes; the hood muffled all of the commotion going on around me and it also blocked out any sunlight that might have disturbed me during my mission. This method almost worked, but I still couldn't fall asleep. At that point, I started to get desperate because I still had ninety minutes to waste and I couldn't sleep. Then I resorted to my final method. I started to think about this assignment for English class and as usual, my mind went blank, and before I knew it, I was out like a light until we arrived at Pullman Stadium. Thinking about the assignment made me forget about everything going on and I was finally able to go to sleep. There are many methods to accomplish this goal, but everyone has to find the method that works for him or her.

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Five Forces Analysis Automobile Industry

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Five forces framework to explain the industry performance

1 weak to 5 strong

1. supplier parts supplier have _________

. potential entrants threats of new entrants is medium-high 4. for new entrants, newly created automobile manufacturer is unlikely. However, new product line and selection is inevitable. i.e. new model Acura TSX to compete with semi-luxury automobile.

. buyer bargaining power of buyer is high 5. The customer has many selection of automobile to choose from. In addition to the automobile, customer can choose many dealer to bargain the purchase price.

4. substitutes threats of substitutes is high 5. customer can choose other similar vehicle as an alternative for its purchase decision.

5. company rivalry among existing firms is medium . even with six major automobile manufacturer in this industry. There are still many competition and rivalry between and among the company. i.e. Honda is competing with Toyota; Pontiac can be competing with Chevrolet.

The sources of competitive advantage in this industry is the potential entrants. Automobile manufacturer can position them as the leader by launching new product that attract customer to gain market share. This force is the most valuable of the five forces framework. The other two minor forces that can be use as a competitive advantage is less power of the supplier and low rivalry among the company. With the low power of supplier, the automobile manufacturer can forecast its supply cost and quality. With low rivalry among existing firms, company can focus on certain most profitable division such as Ford cars/trucks account for majority of profit and sales for Ford. In addition to focusing on certain automobile division, the other alternative is form joint-venture with other automobile manufacturer to produce new, high quality and economical automobile.

Please note that this sample paper on Five Forces Analysis Automobile Industry is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Five Forces Analysis Automobile Industry, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Five Forces Analysis Automobile Industry will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Business

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Chapter 5

Key Notes and Concepts

Franchising = the formal relationship that is established by a franchise contract, a legal document, that enables a firm (franchiser) to expand by allowing an independent businessperson (franchisee) to us the franchisers operating methods, financing systems, trademarks and products in return for a fee.

Advantages of Becoming a Franchisee

„h Ability to quickly expand a company with limited capital

„h Training programs and operating manuals that teach the retailer how to operate the business, allowing individuals to enter the business with little previous experience

„h Management consulting may be offered

„h Less cash may be required to enter the business

„h Purchasing power can result I lower costs and higher gross profits for the franchisee

„h National advertising and promotion by the franchiser may exist

„h Merchandise assistance , displays and other materials may be offered by the franchiser

„h Research and development programs that are designed to improve or add new products or services

„h Access to a variety of fringe benefits such as dental plans at lower rates

„h Advice for special problems

Disadvantages

„h High cost of franchise

„h High royalty rates

„h Too many franchises in a particular geographic area

„h Profit sharing and conditions of termination typically favor the franchiser

Costs of Franchising

An initial fee is usually paid for the right to operate and franchise fees based on monthly sales. Other various costs include initial costs, franchise fee, opening costs, working capital, premise expenses, site evaluation fees, royalties and service fees and promotion charges.

Evaluating the Company

The franchising company should have good credit rating, a strong financial position, and a favorable reputation in the business community. They should also be in business for a sufficient period of time to demonstrate expertise and ability. Product or service testing and warranties should be explored before purchasing.

Application The number of Subway restaurants that are popping up all over the place. The franchise is still expanding today.

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The Enron Failure

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I am going to be talking about the company that filed for the largest bankruptcy of all time, and that is the American energy company, Enron Corp and who was responsible for it. The reason I have decided to speak on Enron is because it was indirectly responsible for many other corporate collapses. This graph gives shows us how it effected other companies.

Immediately after the bankruptcy, most people began to speculate that their bankruptcy was a result of their accountants, and their inability to detect and rectify the situation. However, as the investigations into the bankruptcy got under way it became clear that it was not only the accountant's responsibility but also the responsibility of many other important parties of the company including, the CEO, The Board, Management, Shareholders', Bankers and Lawyers.

The most obvious blame belongs to the CEO who had the overall authority and responsibility for management and financial reporting. A CEO cannot claim to be doing his job and to be ignorant of accounting fraud, at least not in the same sentence. The CEO may not have produced the bad accounting numbers but he must not encourage, tolerate or be ignorant of those who do. After all, the highly paid CEO's job includes the responsibility to oversee accounting functions.

The board of directors in any company is responsible for creating a system of corporate governance. After many investigations into Enron were carried out it became clear that The Board of Enron had failed to set a system of good corporate governance. Many professionals believe that they should shoulder most of the responsibility of the bankruptcy because of not doing so. Write your The Enron Failure research paper

Shareholders must shoulder some of the blame. Exuberance and greed had propelled share prices to unreasonable and unsustainable levels. Management was often forced to live up to irrational capital market expectations. Since, these expectations could not be met through actual results, they were, with a little help from friends, achieved with reported results. This unrealistic share price as illustrated in the graph kept everyone happy ... for a while, especially during year 000. After that it was a case of management needing to find a way to pay the bank back, but they couldn't find one and then restated their earnings on route to bankruptcy. This is how different their net income looked when first reported and after it was restated.

Banks, investment bankers, and speculators also played a major role. They knew how much money passed through their machines. So when the company posted earnings that were non-existent, they could have asked, where did those earnings come from?

Lawyers and law firms involved with the company were as culpable as anyone else. They did not cover themselves with glory and did nothing while to stop the crookedness that was going on.

By now it should be crystal clear that the enron failure and many other corporate failures were the results of stupidity, greed, dishonesty, self-interest, fraud and incompetence by all the members of the company collectively and not just the accountants. I mean come-on its obvious, as obvious as saying a dog barks. Yet the accounting profession has been a scapegoat and its very future put into doubt.

In conclusion all I can say from an accounting perspective is that and I quote The United States Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman, Harvey L.Pitt. Begin quote "A strong accounting profession is key to our capital system, but it should be the responsibility of every accountant to ensure that they carry out their tasks with a minimum level of professionalism." End Quote.

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FREEWRITING ON "THE MAN I KILLED"

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FREE WRITING ON THE MAN I KILLED

I ENJOYED THIS WRITING DUE TO ITS SIMPLICITY AND DIRECTLY EXPLICIT

VISUAL DEPICTION. THE WRITER GOES INTO SIMPLE, CLEAR DESCRIPTIONS OF

THE MAN HE SHOT. HE DESCRIBES THE DEAD MAN IN VERY HUMANISTIC WAYS.

HE GOES OUT OF HIS WAY TO MAKE HIM SOUND FEMININE AND DAINTY TO

STRESS THE POINT THAT THE DEAD MAN WASNT REALLY THE ENEMY BUT A

REGULAR CITIZEN FORCED TO DO HIS DUTY. THE WRITER IMAGINES CERTAIN

THINGS ABOUT THE DEAD MAN LENDING MORE HUMANIZATION. HE ASSERTS

THAT THE MAN WAS A TEACHER OF MATHEMATICS WITH A LIFE NOT GEARED

TOWARDS THE MILITARY BUT YET MORE HUMAN PURSUITS. THE AUTHOR ALSO

GUESSES ABOUT HIS FAMILY & ROMANTIC CONNECTIONS POSSIBLY AS A MIRROR

FOR HIS OWN LIFE; TO HIGHLIGHT THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN HIMSELF AND THE

DEAD MAN. OTHER THAN THE PHYSICAL DESCRIPTIONS, THE REST WAS

INFERRED FROM THE WRITERS IMAGINATION AND ITEMS FOUND ON THE DEAD

MAN. IT IS INTERESTING HOW THE WRITER REPEATS SOME OF THE

DESCRIPTIONS AND FEELINGS HE HAD ABOUT THE DEAD MAN. WHEN READING

IT, IT MADE ME PAUSE AND SECOND GUESS WHAT I WAS READING. DID I READ

THIS ALREADY? I HAD TO GO BACK AND LOOK. I THOUGHT THIS CLEVER

BECAUSE I FEEL THAT IT BROUGHT TO MY REALITY THE SURREALISM FELT BY

THE WRITER. HE HAD TO COME TO TERMS WITH THE FACT THAT HE KILLED

THIS MAN AND THE GUILT HE FELT. IN THE END I FELT THAT HE DID COME TO

TERMS TO THE BEST OF HIS ABILITY; AS MUCH AS HE PROBABLY EVER WILL.

THERE WAS THE INFERENCE THAT THE REAL ENEMY WAS WAR ITSELF AND NOT

THE PEOPLE THRUST INTO A SOLDIERS ROLE. ONE LAST THOUGHT IS THAT I

APPRECIATED THE SYMBOLISM OF THE BUTTERFLY ON THE DEAD MANS

FOREHEAD WHICH I INTERPRETED AS A SYMBOL OF THE SPIRIT OF THE DEAD

MAN. A METAMORPHOSIS OF SORTS. LATER THE WRITER SAYS THAT THE

BUTTERFLY HAS BEEN REPLACED WITH NATS AT THE DEAD MANS MOUTH. THIS

COULD BE THE PROGRESSION FROM DENIAL TO ACCEPTANCE ON THE PART OF

THE WRITER.

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