Acting

If you order your cheap essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on acting. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality acting paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in acting, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your acting paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service!

1-Hour Acting Workshop

- Exercises

• Diaphragmatic breathing

• VocalizingBuy cheap acting term paper

• Stretching

These "exercises" could be shot at a local gym's aerobics studio. The vocal chords, just like the muscles in the body, must be properly trained. This is especially important in theatre and musicals. For film, it helps the actor to enunciate the words better.

- introduction to basic principles of acting

• time, place, and scene

• stage presence

• improvisation

• centering

• role playing

• script and dialogue

To make these techniques more exciting, they need to be visually stimulating. If possible, it would help to be able to go behind the scenes in a film studio or theatre to better understand time, place, scene, and stage presence. For improvisation, I know of some great improv artists willing to help out.

- working with a camera

For someone looking to break into the film industry after having done a few stage performances, this may be the most important technique. It is important to be able to shoot this on location on a soundstage (maybe at York or Ryerson) or film studio, so the complete aspect of what it is like to work on set is presented.

0 Minutes Introduction to the Audition

- W5H

• Where is it?

• Who do you report to?

• What do you wear?

• When is it? (time of day, month)

• Why are you there?

• How do you act?

The last point is the most important and should be emphasized. It would be useful to get permission to film the actual audition process, or stage an audition. The actor needs to be aware of what will happen in the audition room, and remember not to be intimidated by the number of actors present at the audition. In an audition, confidence is key!

- storyboard or script analysis

Learning to read between the lines, how to say a certain line.

There are also many great acting coaches (one of which is willing to help with the project) and reference material available for the actor to consult, such as the Agent's Book (put together by AMIS) and Theatre for Life (Ron Cameron).

Please note that this sample paper on acting is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on acting, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on acting will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from cheap essay writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Westwood Stables

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Westwood Stables. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Westwood Stables paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Westwood Stables, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Westwood Stables paper at affordable prices !

Westwood

It was a right turn onto a dusty gravel road. Chocolate colored fences lined the drive and neatly divided paddocks, from which the horses watched the white van as it drove towards the barn. I was there for my first jumping lesson and as the arena came into view, I realized it would be an exciting one. It was Westwood Stables and it was straight out of the horse books I had poured over as a child. I was twelve years old and Westwood was the most amazing place I had ever seen.

There were gigantic trees in a half moon shape around the edge of the property with the important house of horses in the middle of the moon. To the left was the arena, circled by the same chocolate colored fences that lined the drive. The painted brick jumps, covered in fake flowers, were set at odd angles throughout the sand filled enclosure.

Order College Papers on Westwood Stables

On the opposite side of the arena sat Glenn and Kelly's house; a tiny, doll-like house, with a yard that obviously did not get as much attention as the students and the horses they trained. They had chain link fence that kept their dogs in check; though they were running loose that day. Behind their house grazed the tired, old schooling horses. The ones reserved for the young kids and the scared adults. They weren't much to look at, but they all had the heart to take care of their delicate riders.

The magnificent barn stood proudly in the middle of it all. The stairs that led up to the door were old railroad ties, completely out of place amongst all the perfection; but once inside the door, the stairs were forgotten. The office had the musty smell of a grandmother's house; a moth ball mixture of moldy leather, and the sweat that made it that way. Here is where the ribbons were displayed, the shows for future ribbons were posted, and the pictures of it all happening were hanging. The meeting room for trail rides and a resting place for the weary. There was a dust covered window for viewing the inside arena and couches to plant tired bodies. The floor was covered in chunks of dirt left by the boots that ran through it and the corners of the ceiling caked in cobwebs. The door that led to the inside arena was heavy and it shrieked when it was opened, but it was the door that led to heaven. A large indoor arena was directly out the door, its rails littered with saddles left by their lazy riders. This large sand filled indoor ring was used for a quick warm-up before you headed out, or for lessons when the weather wouldn't allow anyone outside. Large grooming stalls stood on either side of the arena, with every brush imaginable hanging in perfect rows along the walls and thick mats laid on the floor for comfort. A huge door on the right side opened to the sun soaked outside; and to the left, was an unnaturally clean stable aisle with rows of beautiful horses on either side. The stalls holding the horses were great steel enclosures, big enough for the largest horses to have plenty of room. There were fans hung from the ceiling in all the stalls as well as automatic fly spray floating down from the sky at regular intervals. The shine from the horses' coats suggested the horses these stalls held were owned by people completely devoted to them. The constant nickering and rustling of hay told you the same thing. At the end of the aisle there was another great door that opened onto more content horses grazing peacefully in a large pasture.

When I took all of this in for the first time I truly believed I would never see a more perfect place. As I grew up, of course I realized this wasn't the case, but to this day nothing has been as special as Westwood was to me when I was twelve.

Please note that this sample paper on Westwood Stables is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Westwood Stables, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Westwood Stables will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Sula Essay: Good and Evil

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Sula Essay: Good and Evil. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Sula Essay: Good and Evil paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Sula Essay: Good and Evil, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Sula Essay: Good and Evil paper at affordable prices !

One of the most asked questions that have been asked is "Why does evil exist in our society?" What would a world be like if bad things did not occur in our world and our lives? Without the occurrences of these misfortunes, how would we really know what is good about us? Without the significance of death, would life even be cherished and valued as it would be right now? Without evil villains, what would all the super heroes be doing since everything is good? Without the existence of a black and white comparison, our lives would be colorless and meaningless. The reason why evil exists in our society is to bring out its significance to distinct what is good and what is evil such as seen in the novel "Sula" by Toni Morrison so that their would be a clear understanding of how goodness exists and how it should be sought after in society.

"Sula" is a novel about the lives of the people who live in the Bottom, which is part of a city called the Medallion. The story revolves mainly around the lives and families of two girls, Nel and Sula. Sula and Nel have very different backgrounds which provide the bases of contrast and comparison of different themes. They become friends quickly and develop a close friendship bond. They encounter many events throughout their lives that bring out their differences and similarities of their personalities. The significance of their relationship is about how their different personalities fit together to form a complete unit. Through the actions of their families and themselves, the battle or balance of good and evil can be declared as a necessity for the town to survive.

The many different lifestyles that are chosen by individuals are based upon the differences that are seen between a "good" and "bad" life. Nel was raised with a conservative authority in her household taught by her mother, Helene who was raised by her grandmother, Cecile. Helene's mother, Rochelle was a Creole prostitute so her grandmother who had a higher regard of good and religious values instead raised Helene. "The grandmother took Helene away from the soft lights and flowered carpets of the Sundown House and raised her under the dole some eyes of a multicolored Virgin Mary, counseling her to be constantly on guard for any sign of her mother's wild blood" (17). Another purpose of these actions toward Helene was because Cecile wanted to avoid having a family reputation such as Sula's. Sula's mother and grandmother built a reputation being known as man lovers. They constantly have new lovers without regret or remorse. Nel's family excluding Rochelle found their moral living values by being aware of a life they would want to avoid. Without having knowledge of different lifestyles, good or evil, no course of action would be pursued in order to obtain an orderly life. The existence of evil provides the motivation and reasoning of why Helene "shielded Nel from the evils of the world in much the same way her grandmother Cecile shielded her" (pinkmonkeynotes).

The awareness of evil pushes individuals to achieve the opposite to improve upon their lives so they will not succumb to what they fear and abhor. When Sula returned back to the bottom, a series of "bad luck" followed her known as the "plague of Robbins," that's what the town claimed to be. Sula was labeled as a source of evil or evil itself because of her lifestyle. Such things she did were ruining the marriage of a couple, having white lovers, dressing unfashionably to the town and also driving away her grandmother to a nursing home. The more mishaps that occurred around the bottom, the town pointed them towards a sign of evil. "Once the source of personal misfortune was identified, they had leave to protect and love one another. They began to cherish their husbands and wives, protect their children, repair their homes and in general band together against the devil in their midst" (118). The dwelling presence of an evil source in the town created a reaction that brought out the better of the people.

Order custom research paper on Sula Essay: Good and Evil

When Sula, or the source of evil died in the town, what was thought to be a good omen became the opposite. The caution of evil faded away as well as their conviction to shield their lives with good. "mothers who had defended their children from Sula's malevolence (or who had defended their positions as mothers from Sula's scorn for the role) now had nothing to rub up against. The Tensions was gone and so was the reason for the effort they had made. Without her mockery, affection for others sank into flaccid disrepair…..Wives uncoddled their husband; their seemed no further need to reinforce their vanity" (15-154). Since the cry during a crisis vanished, their cherishment for life and other importance's faded.

Law exists because of crime and disorder. Protection exists because of danger and fear. The many good aspects of our lives exist because of the opposite, the bad and the evil. Good cannot exist without evil, evil cannot exist without good. Society is able to able to maintain it's ways because of the balance that is offered through good and evil.

A perfect society is an orderly society, not a utopia of happiness.

Please note that this sample paper on Sula Essay: Good and Evil is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Sula Essay: Good and Evil, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Sula Essay: Good and Evil will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

"The Life Not Valued"

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on "The Life Not Valued". What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality "The Life Not Valued" paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in "The Life Not Valued", therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your "The Life Not Valued" paper at affordable prices!

Animal testing has truly made a tremendous impact on the medical field today. We owe it all due to the experiments that have been done on animals. Through test and experiments that have been done on them, many cures and medicines have been discovered. Animals are important liabilities in the medical field. Without their existents, many discoveries and possibilities may not have been. Due to these experiments, in the article, "A Scientist I Am The Enemy", the author explains that "I saw children, alive and healthy, thanks to advances in medical science such as infant respirators, potent antibiotics, new surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation"(8). Although activists argue that these animals are tortured and brutally killed for no reason, they also try to persuade the public into thinking that researchers are only doing these experiments for their own personal advancements. They also try to persuade the public into believing this by waving posters and pictures of animals that have been killed. On the other hand, they don't show the pictures of children who have died or are dying of diseases and disorders. Because of animal experiments like these they now can be cured.

Activists suggest that there may be other ways that researchers can find cures and medicines that they needed. First, they suggest that research could be done on humans in a sense of trial and error. Secondly, they suggest using computer models to test and do their experiments on. Finally, they suggest just leaving it all alone and in a way just letting whatever happens, happen.

Activist suggest using humans as subjects in experiments to do their test and experiments on. If the medical field did decide to do this, say for instance they wanted to test the effects of a type of drug, what if the effects from this drug were too strong or it didn't agree with the human and it killed them? That life is destroyed and every time a new drug was discovered we would have to go through the same process over again. Isn't the human life of more value than this? What about the moral issues that are involved?

Activists also suggest that computer replicas be used. Perhaps making a complete copy of a human being and doing the experiments on. This would be ideal, but not reliable. "Computers can stimulate, reasonably well, the effects of well-understood principles of complex system. as in the application of the laws of physics to airplane and automobile design. However, when the principles themselves are in question, as is the case with the complex biological systems under study, computer modeling is of little value (Karpati 84).Custom writing service can write essays on "The Life Not Valued"

Finally, activist have suggested that we should just leave it alone, meaning that we should just let what ever happens, happen. This would mean that medicines, surgical devices, and cures that we may one day advance from just all be left alone. Hoping that one day they might be accidentally discovered (Karpati 84).

In conclusion, activists show pictures and they tell stories about innocent animals dying , but what about the lives of all human beings that are dying each and every day? People are dying because of sicknesses and injuries that have been inflicted on their bodies, waiting for researchers to find cures and medicines to threat them. These animals are not being tested and researched for nothing. They are actually making a way for human life to go on. Aren't the lives of humans more valuable than just letting them die all for the sake of those sad pictures that the activists so sadly display.

Please note that this sample paper on "The Life Not Valued" is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on "The Life Not Valued", we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on "The Life Not Valued" will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Density Determination, Melting Point and Refractive Index

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Density Determination, Melting Point and Refractive Index. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Density Determination, Melting Point and Refractive Index paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Density Determination, Melting Point and Refractive Index, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Density Determination, Melting Point and Refractive Index paper at affordable prices!

Introduction

This laboratory was designed to examine the physical properties of organic compounds. The three properties determined were density, melting point, and refractive index. Every compound has unique physical properties. In this laboratory the experimental results will be compared to the compounds actual cataloged properties, accuracy will then be calculated through percent error.

Theoretical Basis

One physical property is density. Density is the measure of mass per area volume (Density = Mass/Area). Another important physical property is a compound's melting point. The melting point or range is very useful when determining a compounds purity. If the organic solid is pure, there are no contaminants present, then the substance will melt over a very short range (1- degrees). If the organic substance is a mixture then the melting point will be lowered and the melting range extended. By plotting the different melting point on a graph one can see an obvious trend when working with a bimolecular mixture. The eutectic point is a point on the graph where the two curves meet, at this point the mixture of the two substances is combined is such a way that the mixture will actually behave as if it is a pure substance.Cheap Custom Essays on Density Determination, Melting Point and Refractive Index

Refractive index is yet another physical property. The refractive index is a precise measurement used to track the purification of liquid samples. When light passes through an organic compound it is bent, or refracted. The refractive index can be measured precisely to four decimal places. The refractive index is measured by the equation light velocity in a vacuum ÷ light velocity in the sample. This number will always be greater then one. The refractometer, the device used to measure the refractive index, utilizes a sodium line to visually line up the distance the light is refracted. This is what the n stands for. The sodium "D" line at 0 degrees C. If the substance is impure than the refractive index will be different than refractive index of the pure substance.

Procedure

Density

A 1 mL syringe was weighted and the result recorded. The syringe was filled with precisely l mL of Toluene. The syringe filled with 1 mL of Toluene was then weighted again and the result recorded. Density of the substance was then determined. This was repeated for compounds Ethylene Glycol as well as Cyclopentenone.

Melting Point Determination

A small amount of solid t-Cinnaminic acid was placed into a closed capillary. The capillary was placed into a system used to determine melting and boiling points. The sample was then heated to its melting point. The melting point as well as the range of melting were recorded.

A small amount of solid 6% Cinniminic acid- 7% Urea mixture was then placed into a capillary and inserted into the same heating device used to determine the melting point of pure Cinnaminic acid. The melting point and range were recorded. A total of seven different mixtures were melted and the temperature range recorded and plotted onto a graph to determine the eutectic point.

Refractive Index

A drop of Toluene was placed onto a refractometer cell, which was previously cleaned with Methanol. The refractive index was determined by lining up the bottom of the refracted light with the sodium line through the eye lens. Again this was repeated with Ethylene Glycol and Cyclopentenone.

Results

Density

Density = Mass / Volume

Mass of 1mL syringe = .5 grams (+/- .001 g)

Mass of 1mL syringe + 1mL Toluene = .8 grams (+ .001 g)

Mass of 1mL Toluene = 0.85 grams (+ .001 g)

Volume of Toluene = 1mL

Density of Toluene = 0.85 g / 1 mL = 0.85g/mL

Actual Density of Toluene = 0.866g/mL

Percent error = 0.8667g/mL-0.861g/mL

X 100 = .88%

0.861g/mL

Density of Ethylene Glycol = 1.108 g / 1 mL = 1.108g/mL

Actual Density of Toluene = 1.11g/mL

Percent error = .45%

Density of Cyclopentanone = 0.81 g / 1 mL = 0.81g/mL

Actual Density of Toluene = 0.51g/mL

Percent error = %

Melting Point Determination

t-cinnamic acid urea

100%0% 85%15% 71%% 6%7% 50%50% 5%75% 0%100%

1-18 4-118 8-100 88-100 85-8 -10 100-105

10-14 -108 110-15 100-10 87-100 110-10 18-10

100-10 105-11 80-5 6-100 14-16

11-1

A graph of the previous melting points can be found attached to the back page of this report. The Eutectic point was found to be between 50%-50% to 6%-7%. The actual eutectic point is 6%7% t-cinnamic acid urea.

Refractive Index

Experimental Refractive Index of Toluene n 1.47

Actual Refractive Index of Toluene = n 1.461

Percent error = .07%

Experimental Refractive Index of Cyclopentanone n 1.44

Actual Refractive Index of Toluene = n 1.47

Percent error = .1%

Experimental Refractive Index of Ethylene Glycol n 1.4

Actual Refractive Index of Toluene = n 1.41

Percent error = .07%

Discussion

All of the results found were very accurate. The small discrepancies between the experimental and actual values was due to human or mechanical error, or possibly even the contamination of the substance. It is most likely human error.

The melting point experiment proved to be just as successful. The pure solid, Cinnaminic acid, melted at exactly the theoretical temperature and range. When the impure cinnaminic acid was heated to its melting point, the melting range was longer by several degrees Celsius and the initial melting point lowered considerably. The melting point accurately displayed impurities in the organic solid. The eutectic point using the average of the experimental values was 50-50%. The actual point being at 6-7%. When drawing the graph lines, if the high numbers were used and the low values ignored then a 6%-7% eutectic point was achieved. There were groups that had consistently low melting points, this could be that the group lacked proper technique or they used a fault melting point machine. Certain mixtures may have also been cross contaminated by other mixtures in the area.

The experimental refractive indexes were all within a percentage point of the actual value. Although the number obtained through experimentation was close to the actual number cataloged, there was still human error. The refractive index is supposed to be an exact measurement to the fourth decimal place. The experimental value was only correct the first.

The physical properties of an organic compound can be easily determined and clearly show whether the sample is free of impurities and contaminants.

Conclusion

All of the physical properties measured in the organic compounds showed to be correct within one percentage point of their theoretical values. This laboratory was accurate, precise, and successful.

Please note that this sample paper on Density Determination, Melting Point and Refractive Index is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Density Determination, Melting Point and Refractive Index, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Density Determination, Melting Point and Refractive Index will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Snowboarding

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on snowboarding. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality snowboarding paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in snowboarding, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your snowboarding paper at affordable prices!

Snowboarding, possibly the most dangerous, most frustrating winter sport. If you want to be a snowboarder, you have to be tough. Tough enough to take the falls because sometimes you could crash so bad that you could die or have serious injury. If you didnt already know, Snowboarding is a winter sport in which the rider is strapped to a snowboard using a binding to hold yourself on. When first starting out with Snowboarding, you first need the equipment.

First of all you need a snowboard. Most freestyle snowboards run anywhere from 10 cm.-180cm. When you are Snowboarding you need a board that is anywhere from your chin to your nose. When first starting out with Snowboarding you probably want a board that is a little bit shorter because shorter boards are easier to control and to do tricks with.

The next thing you need are boots. There are basically two different kinds of snowboard boots. Regular and step-in. Step-in boots are supposed to be easier to take on and off the binding but the regular boots have more support. Snowboard boots run a little bit smaller in size than a regular tennis shoe and are pretty much the same thing a a plain old snow boot. In fact, I have seen people ride down the mountain with regular snow boots. The real only difference is that snowboard boots are much stiffer than a regular snow boot.

Now for the bindings. Most bindings are very similar but very different in a way. You can choose between a step-in binding or a regular binding depending on what kind of boot you purchased. Some people prefer step-in bindings just to be able to put them on quicker and take them off faster when going on and off the lift. Other people prefer the regular bindings because the have more support on your feet and are more dependable. I personally prefer the regular bindings because the give you way more support and they arent as much of a hassle as step-ins. Step-ins might be quicker but they are a pain in the neck. It never seems like they are on properly. The rider needs to make sure that his boots fit properly into the binding or else disaster could happen.

Order custom research paper on snowboarding

The next item of business is getting your clothing and safety equipment. Generally you want to have three layers when gliding down the mountain. These layers include one inside layer for warmth. One middle layer for insulation. And one outside layer for wind and water resistance.

The next equipment you need is your safety equipment. Safe may not be cool but is dying or seriously injuring yourself cool? I dont think so. One of the most important safety items is your brain and if that gets hurt, than you are pretty much done for and can't make smart decisions anymore. So to protect your brain, you need a helmet. I know helmets haven't been very fashionable in the past but now they are better than ever. The designs, the material, everything.

Beginning snowboarders would be smart to wear wrist guards and knee pads when first starting out. This would be smart because when you are first experimenting with snowboarding, to force yourself to fall a lot and most of the time boarders land on their wrists and their knees.

You not only need safe equipment but also a safe sense of where your going and to be cautious and prepared for the unxpected because the unexpexted can always happen. When your are crossing a traverse or intersection, always look both ways because some careless skier or rider could be coming fast down the mountain and could not look where they are going. Snowboarders always need to look up and pay attetion to their surroundings or else they could be in deep trouble with both them selves and other skiers and boarders.

Snowboarding takes place whereever skiing does however, in the 180's, only 10% of ski resorts let snowboarders into their

Please note that this sample paper on snowboarding is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on snowboarding, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on snowboarding will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Rewarding learning

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Rewarding learning. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Rewarding learning paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Rewarding learning, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Rewarding learning paper at affordable prices!

This paper will be evaluating and reflecting on two conflicting arguments. The first, by Paul Chance, seeks to convince the reader that learning is best facilitated by shaping the actions of individuals through positive reinforcement contingent on success. Alfie Kohn disagrees with this assessment saying that rewards decrease motivation and lead individuals to see learning as means rather than an end. Both have various strengths and weaknesses, which invariably lead the reader to their own conclusion.

The first article, The Rewards of Learning, champions the argument that by rewarding individuals, specifically students, learning can be facilitated. Paul Chance is of the belief that not only is some reinforcement needed in the classroom setting, but a lot of it. In these opening pages he argues that the American system vastly under uses reinforcement and lists several examples of why this is.

The heart of Chance's article seems to center around motivation, rewards, and learning. He acknowledges that if rewards do reduce interest than it is significantly important to classroom teachers (Chance, 1, in Slife). He refers here to findings that too many extrinsic rewards can reduce future motivation in the same tasks. The best predictor of this, the author argues, is the reward contingency. He reflects on research done by Alyce Dickinson and the three kinds of reward contingencies that she came up with and concludes that 'success-contingent' rewards are the most effective.

The author finds things like encouragement and intrinsic rewards as motivating, but not teaching and as less rewarding than say the intrinsic pleasure created from friend's laughter. He concludes his article with some guidelines for how to reward without stifling motivation. He recommends teachers do things like give the weakest reward possible, reduce the rate of rewards as time goes on, and reward only behavior they want repeated. He sees extrinsic reinforcement as one of the most powerful tools available to teachers.

The second article was written as a direct response to Paul Chance. Its author, Alfie Kohn, argued against the manipulating punishments and rewards endorsed by Chance. The premise of his paper, besides a complete refutation of Chance's work, is that rewards can get people to do what one wants for a while, but the effect is short-term and actually detrimental over time to those being rewarded.

The bulk of his paper is concerned with proving four points that rewards are inherently controlling, are ineffective, make learning less appealing, and ignore curricular questions. He sees applied behaviorism as a technique to control people, or do things to them instead of working with them (Kohn, 1, in Slife). Kohn desires learning to be more reliant on mutual problem solving than control. He defends his argument that rewards are ineffective through a wide variety of cited research and example, including the failures of the token economy.

The purpose of Kohn's article seems to be that contrary to all of the evidence that Chance and other authors like Dickinson, bring forth, rewards feel controlling and do reduce interest. As Kohn says, getting children to think about learning as a way to get a prize, can turn learning from an end into a means (Kohn, 1, in Slife).

Although part of a minority group of thinkers, Paul Chance does raise some good points in his piece. Chance took a holistic approach and recognized the importance of taking a long-term view of learning. An argument of strength that Chance presents and even Kohn recognizes, is that learning should be fun and interesting. He argues that extrinsic rewards can help people learn and make it not seem to be a boring, yet expected process. Another strong insight is the fact that punishments outnumber rewards. A society or classroom built on fear and avoidance does not promote positive conducive atmosphere.

Even with the as stated strengths, Chance presents an argument lacking in uniformity and general persuasiveness. His primary point was that success-contingent rewards work best. This argument was weakened by his example where students who already enjoyed an activity, were given a prize if they completed it. Weeks later the prize was no longer given on completion and they still continued to do the task. Imagine that, students continued doing something they had already enjoyed! It seems like Chance's sources were incomplete, his detractors many, and that he was not entirely confident or complete in his own argument.

The argument that Alfie Kohn presented was shorter, but raised a lot of good points that strengthened his side. Referring to directly to Chase's sources, namely Dickinson, and highlighting their weaknesses and inconsistencies worked very well for Kohn. He also did a good job of diminishing Chance's behavior arguments by showing potentially uniformed readers that the token system, a behavior modification landmark, has been discredited because subjects revert back to old behavior upon withdrawal of rewards.

A weakness of Kohn's argument is that even though he wants parents and educators to do everything that they can to get students to forget that grades exist and focus on working relationships he does not leave any room for rewards to act in a positive manner. Passer & Smith (5, 001) show that applied behavior analysis can be used to target specific problems, which may be detrimental to the learning process. This absence may be due to the specific question he was addressing, but limited his argument.

Being relatively uniformed about the larger debate involving this issue, this author found himself persuaded by the clarity, confidence, and knowledge that Alfie Kohn presented in his article. This author would argue that while it is virtually impossible to avoid a rewards/punishment reinforcing system, it is possible to limit this activity in a structure like school. Both authors argue for a more interesting and student-relative system where individuals can have fun and be attached to the learning process. Kohn argues this better and effectively counters the general reward-contingent argument.

Rewards should not be solely relied upon to reinforce behavior, yet there is a place for them and in the current grades-oriented system they won't soon disappear. While it would take more work for the teacher and require extensive targeting, a new style of learning could emerge where students are targeted based on individual interests and strengths and a curriculum organized and playing off of these. Students must become attached to the learning process and as Kohn and others have shown, rewards only have a short-term answer for this.

In conclusion, the question addressed leaves more questions than answers. If the whole concept of learning was narrowed down to a simple 'do rewards facilitate learning?' than the answer, based solely upon the readings reviewed would be, no it does not. The definition of learning is to acquire knowledge in the area being taught. Not only acquire, but also remember. Kohn shows that not only do rewards create short-term results; they decrease motivation needed for later learning processes. Learning must be seen as engaging and fun, not as a simple chore to be performed for a prize.

Please note that this sample paper on Rewarding learning is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Rewarding learning, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Rewarding learning will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!