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Tuesday, September 29, 2020

Uhmmmm

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ELIZABETH N. BALDWIN - FRIEDMAN


Elizabeth Baldwin, Esquire, prominent Florida attorney, breastfeeding advocate and La Leche League Leader, passed away March 1 after an extended illness.


Known as the countrys authority on breastfeeding and family law, Baldwin worked tirelessly to help mothers nationwide fight discrimination and solidify their right to breastfeed their babies both in public and in the workplace. She was an invaluable help to those who passed breastfeeding legislation in the United States. Ms. Baldwin also brought her expertise into the courtroom representing mothers in cases of child custody and visitation. Other attorneys in their family law cases often consulted her


when breastfeeding rights were at issue.Custom Essays on uhmmmm


Ms. Baldwin was often quoted in national newspapers and often made appearances on television and radio shows across the country. Her devotion to her family and the rights of breastfeeding mothers and babies was apparent as she balanced her family and professional activities. She served as the Director of the Legal Associates Program for La Leche League International.


Ms. Baldwin was scheduled to receive the La Leche League International Founders Award in July of this year for her years of service to LLLI and mothers and babies everywhere.


She is survived by her husband, Kenneth Friedman and her children David and William. Ms. Baldwin will be missed by her many friends and colleagues in the breastfeeding community.


ELIZABETH N. BALDWIN - FRIEDMAN


Elizabeth Baldwin, Esquire, prominent Florida attorney, breastfeeding advocate and La Leche League Leader, passed away March 1 after an extended illness.


Known as the countrys authority on breastfeeding and family law, Baldwin worked tirelessly to help mothers nationwide fight discrimination and solidify their right to breastfeed their babies both in public and in the workplace. She was an invaluable help to those who passed breastfeeding legislation in the United States. Ms. Baldwin also brought her expertise into the courtroom representing mothers in cases of child custody and visitation. Other attorneys in their family law cases often consulted her


when breastfeeding rights were at issue.


Ms. Baldwin was often quoted in national newspapers and often made appearances on television and radio shows across the country. Her devotion to her family and the rights of breastfeeding mothers and babies was apparent as she balanced her family and professional activities. She served as the Director of the Legal Associates Program for La Leche League International.


Ms. Baldwin was scheduled to receive the La Leche League International Founders Award in July of this year for her years of service to LLLI and mothers and babies everywhere.


She is survived by her husband, Kenneth Friedman and her children David and William. Ms. Baldwin will be missed by her many friends and colleagues in the breastfeeding community.


Please note that this sample paper on uhmmmm is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on uhmmmm, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on uhmmmm will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Monday, September 28, 2020

The limited Brands

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Stock options are a form of compensation granted to an employee, by an employer, in lieu of salary and wages. Stock options grant employees the right to purchase a certain number of shares at a given price . Traditionally, firms have compensated their employees through some combination of salaries, commissions, or bonuses. Less prevalent was compensation tied to firm¡¯s performance, such as stock and/or stock options. Historically, performance-based compensation was designed for corporate executives and officers of the firm. This form of compensation helped align the interests of management and shareholders. Stock options encourage managers to maximize shareholder value. Although stock options were once reserved for upper management, there has been a trend to include more employees.


Generally, the future purchase price, or strike price, is equal to the market price of the stock at the time of grant. When an employee exercises options, he or she pays the firm the strike price for the shares, regardless of the then- current market price. Employees usually remain with the firm for a specified period before options vest. Upon vesting, the employees may exercise their options. If an employee leaves the firm, outstanding vested and unvested options are forfeited or cancelled. Options not exercised by a date specified in the option contract will expire. When an employee decides to exercise their stock options, they may either purchase the underlying stock at a discounted price or receive an equivalent cash premium. This transfer from the firm to the employee becomes part of the employee¡¯s taxable income for the year


Firms now grant stock options to a much broader range of employees for many reasons. A firm¡¯s motivation in implementing a stock option plan includes increased employee productivity, the attraction and retention of valuable human capital, reduction of short-run compensation costs, increased cash flows, and higher levels of book income.


Individuals, employers, and the government are all affected by the widespread use of stock option compensation. However another aspect that is affected by stock options is economic forecasters. Income from stock options is more volatile than traditional forms of compensation, such as wages and salaries. Stock options¡¯ ultimate value to the employee depends on the future stock performance. Consequently, the stock option value is uncertain at the time of grant. There are two major types of stock options incentive stock options (ISO¡¯s) and nonqualified stock options (NSO¡¯s). ISO¡¯s have certain tax advantages for employees. If required holding periods are met, the spread income (difference between the market and strike price at the time of exercise shares exercised) is treated as a long-term capital gain and taxed at lower tax rate of 0%. If an immediate sale is not made upon exercise of ISO, the event is non-taxable, unless taxpayer is subject to Alternative Minimum Tax. A Nonqualified Stock Option is an option that does not meet tax criteria for an ISO and which is taxed as ordinary income at the time the option is exercised. For a nonqualified stock option, the spread income is treated as wage income to the employee and is taxable. If NSO shares are not sold immediately upon exercise, then the employee may also be subject to tax upon any realized capital gain or loss. Despite tax advantages of ISO¡¯s for employees, other factors limit firm¡¯s overall reliance on them. The most significant tax issue is that firms cannot deduct ISO spread income in the computation of taxable income, but they can deduct NSO spread income . Another type of stock option is employee stock purchase plans (ESPP). Under an ESPP, an employee chooses to have a percentage of their salary withheld for a certain period of time. At the end, they may use the withheld wages to purchase firm shares at a discount.


Stock options play an important role when comparing book income and tax income. At the current time, firms may disclose the value of stock options in their financial footnotes or expense their computed fair value. Companies would only recognize the employee stock options as an expense when the employees exercise the options, not at the grant date. Companies are not required to list stock options as an expense, although the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which sets U.S. accounting guidelines, views the practice as preferable. Backers of the mandate say doing so would help present a more accurate picture of a companys financial performance. Since many firms do not expense stock options; the spread income compensation is not deducted from pre-tax book income, but deducted for taxable income. This treatment of spread income is one of many reasons why book and tax income diverge. With the Enron fiasco and investor uneasiness, some firms have begun to expense spread income.


FASB has recently announced it would review its accounting standard on employee stock options (FASB Statement No. 1) in the first quarter of 00, to decide whether to require companies to treat employee stock options as an expense at the point of grant . A number of companies, such as Coca-Cola, Amazon, General Electric, Bank One and Boeing, have already started to account for stock options in this manner. Prior to 00, Boeing declared their intention to expense options in order to increase investor confidence in financial statements. Some high-tech companies, such as Amazon.com and Computer Associates, have elected to make the change to expensing stock options. Amazon announced last fall that beginning in fiscal 00 all stock-based awards granted will be expensed. Computer Associates said it would begin reporting the cost of new stock options as expenses next fiscal year, which starts April 1 .


A company is, however, required to report its earnings per share on the income statement on a basic and on a diluted basis, the latter taking into account the potential reduction in the ownership of existing shareholders due to the grant and exercise of options. On the tax side, when an employee exercises an option, the company can take a deduction from its gross income for the gain realized from the option (thereby reducing its corporate income taxes) when the employee recognizes the gain and is taxable thereon.


There are two sides to the argument of expensing stock options at the point of grant. People who support the measure contend that expensing stock options at the point would level the playing field between companies that issue employee stock options and companies that pay cash to their employees. Otherwise, the profits of a company that pays its employees in stock options would be unjustly inflated compared o a company that pays its employees in cash. In addition, firms would be more cost-conscious and prudent in granting options to their executives and staff, as they have to recognize stock options as an expense at the point of grant. If these costs of the stock options are not reflected, there may be a tendency to issue too many stock options.


The major argument against expensing stock options is that they are not easily and accurately valued. How does one know how much the stock will be worth in the future? The Black-Scholes model works well if the stock price is stable . But the model is less accurate when it comes to pricing the options in volatile markets such as the ones in which high technology companies participate . Those opposed to expensing options at the grant date feel that options are not a company expense, but rather costs shifted to shareholders. Footnoting the expense should permit analysts to properly price the stock without distorting a firms profit and loss statement. Since there are many estimates used in GAAP, recording a major expense calculated using a very complex and potentially inaccurate pricing model would further complicate financial statements.


The central issue is that some companies can afford to expense stock options at the grant date and some companies can not afford to expense. As mentioned earlier, Coca-Cola and Bank One were two firms that have started implementing expensing at the grant date. These are companies that are most likely to expense options since they have low stock price volatility and good cash flow. In contrast, companies, such as cash-strapped high tech start-ups depend upon stock options to attract talent.


What is lost in this issue is the shareholder. Stock options were created to align management interests with those of the shareholders. That may not be the case anymore. Company management is focused on actions that drive up the price of their stock in the short term in order to provide continuing value for their own options- actions not focused on growth in long term shareholder wealth. Management should review their companys stock ownership plans with an eye towards increasing equity incentive plans available to their employees, whether options, restricted stock grants or employee stock purchase plans - in order to develop a mix of incentives that will likely result in improved productivity and profitability for the company, its executives, employees and shareholders in the short and the long term!


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Friday, September 25, 2020

Australian Aboriginals

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The way in which humans have managed to survive the varying terrains and climates on earth is a most interesting topic to research. My journey so far has been an attempt to investigate how people past and present including myself are able to survive in the wilderness.


I have conducted further into how Australian Aboriginals have developed effective survival techniques. Compared to other places on earth has extreme variations in both its terrain and climatic conditions yet in the past aboriginals managed to inhabit and coexist with this harsh continent. One thing aboriginals had to master was the ability to hunt and gather food. They developed ingenious techniques to hunt bird, fish and large game. One of their more interesting methods was the use of a duck net. Used on the Murrumbidgee River, they placed large nets of fibre strung across watercourses to trap ducks and other birds. It was an effective and simple way to obtain large quantities of food. The aboriginals used fire to drive out larger game. They accomplished this by lighting a fire in a semi circle and lying in wait on the other side of the fire as the animals would run out and then be killed with spears and boomerangs. They used this method to trap animals such as kangaroos and emus.


Aboriginals developed numerous weapons that enabled them to kill their prey effectively. One such weapon was a spear thrower. This was often a multi purpose implement the edge could be used as a fire saw, stone flake might be attached to the handle to act as a knife or , and the curved body was used as a mixing bowl. In essence the spear thrower was used to throw spears. It accomplished this by having a point on one end of the thrower and on the blunt end of the spear there was a lump of resin that the point of the thrower was very effective as it allowed the thrower to propel the spear three �four times further.


In an attempt to investigate how humans survive in modern times without the luxuries of modern life of modern life I read "Lion Heart" The Jesse Martin Story. This book is an account of a 17-year-old boys solo and unassisted journey around the world in a yacht. It is an extremely inspiring story and proves that determination; courage and a will to succeed are the foundations of survival. For Jesse survival in the first few weeks were the most difficult, he had to face his biggest challenge, loneliness. Surviving in the wilderness alone lead to him commenting that if it were possible to cry 4 hours a day, 7 days a week he would have, as this is how desperate he felt. Apart from overcoming loneliness his next biggest challenge was to cope with Mother Nature and the perils of the seas. He needed to quickly learn how to survive at sea including navigation techniques, how to manage strong winds and rough seas. Furthermore he struggled with the ability to ration food and fresh water. Originally he had packed sufficient food and water for 10 months but the journey took 11 months. Having run out of fresh water he needed to employ the survival techniques of collecting rainwater from the surface of the boat. One method he used was to sponge water off the boat and into a water bottle, surprisingly he managed to collect 1 ½ gerry cans of water (0 litres). Help with essay on Australian Aboriginals


One of the most inspiring things I learnt from reading the Jesse Martin story was reflected in a comment he made at the end of the book, " I am eighteen, I don't have a real job, I haven't finished school and I think I'm allergic to business suits, but I have the most important thing, the ability to dream." Additionally my interests in the psychological aspects of survival were heightened after having read this book. I learnt that being able to survive emotionally is just as important as having the skills to build shelter, make fire, gather food and collect water. Therefore I have decided to add to my research by investigating the psychological effects of survival in the wilderness.


As part of my major project I put myself into a situation where I tested my own survival techniques. During the holidays I visited my uncle's farm near Exeter in the Southern Highlands, where I conducted a number of experiments on wilderness survival over a two-day period. On the first day I left his house only with a video camera and my survival kit containing a compass, fishing line, hook and sinkers, needle and thread, a plastic sheet pura tabs, a first aid kit, a wire saw, a flint, snare wire and a bush stove. I headed off alone in a northwest direction until I reached an isolated area of the farm. I proceeded to do, as most survival books would tell you to do and construct a shelter. I did this by using a plastic sheet, wood I collected, fishing line and an axe. I found this not only easy to construct but found it to be a very effective. Next I attempted to build a snare trap, as the acquisition of food is essential for survival. I built a basic design, which was also most effective; both the shelter and snare trap will be included in my handbook. Following my success I ventured off in search of edible mushrooms. To my dismay I found only poisonous mushrooms and at that stage realized that I myself needed a greater knowledge on how to find and identify edible mushrooms. I discovered a clear outline of edible and nonedible plant types is therefore essential in a good survival handbook. Unlike a great number of survivors I was able to return to the comforts of a warm farmhouse.


The next day I went out to build a shelter, trap and some travelling equipment e.g. backpack frame, and sled. I began the day by building a shelter out of just the materials that I was able to find within the area. The materials I found were wood, string made from bark and leaves. The outcome was a successful shelter. I then attempted to build a spear death fall traps. The way I did this was by lashing a young tree to a bigger mature tree and connecting spikes made of wood to the end of the young tree and then I attempted to build the trigger mechanism, which was extremely difficult. After 1/ hours of trying, I was unable to complete the trap. I had planned another task that I didn't complete due to injury.


Background on Shelter


Shelters are one of the most important aspects of survival. It is necessary for shade, warmth and to repel wind and rain. Sleep and adequate rest are essential for survival.


Where to camp is very important. Places to avoid are;- hilltops that are exposed to wind, valley bottoms and deep hollow- could be damp and especially when the sky is clear, may be prone to frost. Hillside terraces where the ground holds moisture should be avoided.


The best places to camp would be somewhere sheltered from the wind, on rising ground that has no risk of flooding and is safe from rock falls or avalanches.


Hot air rises, cold air sinks, so valley bottoms will often contain pockets of colder air and in cold weather be susceptible to frost and damp mist.


Ideally you should be close to water, with a good supply of wood. You should not be too close to water because you may be exposed to insects and snakes, the sound of running water could disguise dangerous sounds.


On riverbanks look for high water marks, in mountain regions streams can become torrents in minutes. Watercourses should be avoided on plains even if they look dry.


Check above your head for bees and wasp nests and for dead wood in trees that could crash down during a storm or high winds. Solitary trees should be avoided because they attract lightening.


Traps and Trapping


There are many elaborate traps with complicated mechanisms. They take time to build and demand physical effort. The survivor needs simple traps that are easily remembered and easy to construct. However, because each animal has different habits a wide variety of traps are essential.


Where to trap is determined by finding the game trails or runs, which lead to an animal's home to where it feeds or waters. Any natural bottleneck along the route where it will have to pass through a particular position- an area where there is an obstruction is an ideal place to set a trap.


The simpler traps and snares are made of string or wire. It will be easier to keep a loop open in the air if you use wire. All you really need is a knife, wood and wire. A strong springy wood is important to use don't use wood that has fallen on the ground.


There are a few rules to follow when making your traps, firstly try not to disturb the environment. If at all possible hide your scent by using gloves and handling the trap as little as possible.


Camouflage any freshly cut ends of wood with mud; cover any snare or trap on the ground with the surroundings.


Snares are the simplest of traps and should be part of any survival kit. They are made with a hangman's knot at one end through which the other end of the wire passes before being firmly anchored to a stake or rock or tree. A snare is a free-running noose, which can catch small game.


A snare can be improvised from string rope twine or wire. You make the loop a fist width wide, set it four fingers above the ground and one hand's width from an obstruction or trail. Finally check that it is securely anchored, with twigs to support the loop in position if necessary.


Surviving can be a very dangerous experience if you are not prepared with the basic knowledge and equipme


Please note that this sample paper on Australian Aboriginals is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Australian Aboriginals, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college essays on Australian Aboriginals will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Thursday, September 24, 2020

Gentlehands

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Gentlehands. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Gentlehands paper right on time.


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Kerr, M. E, Gentlehands. New York Harper


Keypoint, 10.


Rating


The characters that appealed to me are Frank and Buddy because theyCheap custom writing service can write essays on Gentlehands


got along so well and they barely knew each other. One event that I enjoyed


is when Buddys mother went to eat dinner with her father (Frank), and they


saved the racoon that was in the trap with a broken leg. Skye Pennington


and Billy Boyles were the characters that did not appeal to me. I did not


like it when the dog was killed by the towns people or when I found out that


Frank was the German Nazi known as Hentlehands.


I believe that this book is for an audience around the age of fifteen to


seventeen because M. E. Kerr wrote about events that they can relate to.


Younger children should not read this book because it has scenes that are


for a more mature audience. For instance, when Buddy and Skye smoke pot


at skyes house.


Plot Summary


Characters


The main character of this book is Buddy Boyle. He is a sixteen year


old boy who lives in Seaville, NY year round. He is considered to be low


class and works at Sweet Mouth Soda Shoppe. His grandfather is Frank


Trenker. He is a round and dynamic character.


Skye Pennington is an eighteen year old girl who only lives in


Seaville during the summer. When in Seaville she stays on her parents


estate called Beauregard. She has long black hair and her outfits are all one


color. For example one is all yellow and one is all blue. She listens to


classical music. She is a flat and static character.


Frank Trenker lived in a big house that sits on the edge of a cliff


overlooking the ocean. He loves animals and has a keeshond (a type of


dog) named Mignon. He listens to classical music and was the German


Nazi known as Gentlehands. He is a flat and static character.


Conflicts


There are many person VS. person conflicts in this book. In one case


Buddys father was punching him in thier backyard. Also in another


instance Frank was attacted by the people of Montauk. Both illustrate


person VS. person because one person or group of people are aginst another


person. There are also some person VS. themselves in the story. In one


example Buddy smoked majarogian at Skyes house and then drove to


Montauk. This is a person VS. thenselves because Buddy could have gotten


hurt on the way to Montauk.


Setting


The physical setting of the book is in the city of Seacille, NY, where


half of the town lives there all year, and the other half only live there during


the summer. The temporal setting is around the mid-70s to the early 80s.


The emotional setting changed throughout the book. It was happy from the


beginning throughout the middle, but toward the end it started to changing.


First it became confusion, and then it became anger. Lastly everything was


replaced with saddness.


Please note that this sample paper on Gentlehands is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Gentlehands, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Gentlehands will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Wednesday, September 23, 2020

The Black Hole & The Big Bang:Beginning and End of the Universe

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According to Stephen W. Hawking, Black holes are rips in the fabric of space of the universe. They can be neither be visible to our eyes nor are they detectable by even the most powerful telescope �the Hubble Telescope �so far created by man. According to Hawking also, the Black hole are nothing but dead stars. The collapse of the star leads to singularity. The black hole may be described as the final stage in the death of a star before the point of singularity is reached.


For Roger Penrose, a British mathematician, the collapsed star would form a singularity where time ceased and the laws of physics no longer applied. In other words, it would defy the laws of gravity to the extent of having mass but no dimension. Likewise, space-time and light wouldn't just be drawn into a hole; they would be wound up infinitely tightly to the point where they disappeared.


Hawking began studying Penrose's ideas and essentially developed his own and like many such great ideas, this was essentially simple. Hawking asked himself what would happen if a black hole could somehow reverse itself. And what if the expanding universe was no more than a huge collapsing star in reverse? This was where his theory of the "big bang" began (Strathern 5-).Order Custom The Black Hole & The Big Bang:Beginning and End of the Universe paper


The Big Bang does not consist of a huge primeval atom sitting in empty space and then exploding outwards. Most people still have this image, in which the galaxies are like fragments of an exploding bomb, hurtling outwards through space. Instead the Universe itself is encompassed in a sort of cosmic egg - a black hole, but on so huge that the bending of space-time within it is too small to be measured by any astronomical instrument on Earth. By expansion, it has become a very low density black hole, in which light now follows very gently curving orbits at the horizon (White 80).


How did the universe started? In order to predict how the universe should have started off, one needs laws that hold at the beginning of time such as Einstein's theory of relativity and Penrose's singularity theorem but the singularity theorem indicates that the gravitational field becomes so strong that quantum gravitational effects became important, thus using the quantum theory of gravity to discuss the early stage of the universe (Hawking 1).


In the classical theory of gravity, which is based on real space-time, there are only two possible ways the universe can behave either it has existed for an infinite time, or else it had a beginning at a singularity at some finite time in the past. In the quantum theory of gravity, on the other hand, is a third possibility whereby the time direction is on the same footing as directions in space, it is possible for space-time to be finite in extent and yet to have no singularities that formed a boundary or edge. Space-time would be like the surface of the earth, only with two more dimensions. The surface of the earth is finite in extent but it doesn't have a boundary or edge (Hawking 15).


Now that Hawking has an idea about how the universe started, he predicted that the universe is continuously expanding and it is extremely probable that the present rate of expansion of the universe is almost the same in each direction. In an expanding universe in which the density of matter varied slightly from place to place, gravity would have caused the denser regions to slow down their expansion and start contracting. This would lead to the formation of galaxies, stars, and eventually even insignificant creatures like ourselves. Thus all the complicated structures that we see in the universe might be explained by the no boundary condition for the universe (Hawking 140-1).


In conclusion, Hawking expresses that as long as the universe had a beginning, we can suppose it had a creator. But if the universe is really completely self-contained, it would then have neither beginning nor end.


My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is as it is and why it exists at all. - Stephen W. Hawking Hawking, Stephen. A Brief History of Time From the Big Bang to Black Holes. New York Bantam Books, 188. 1, 15, 140-1.


Strathern, Paul. Hawking and Black Holes The Big Idea. New York Anchor Book, 17. 50-.


White, Michael and John Gribbin. Stephen Hawking A Life in Science. Great Britain Penguin Books, Ltd., 1. 80.


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Tuesday, September 22, 2020

Notes on article& The Door

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A pun is used in the headline, Why Hillary stands by her mandate


A large image is used of Hillary being photographed and watched by a large crowd, she seems poised and relaxed in this otherwise intense situation


The crowd all seem to want a piece of her as she has presence and power


Emotive language is used to describe the trauma she went through in learning of her husbands (the president at the time) affair, such as gulping, crying and screamingWrite my Essay on Notes on article& The Door cheap


Her critics think the book is all part of a publicity game, as she already has the popularity to draw attention and control what is seen


Hillary Clinton is the most popular woman in America and therefore she is feared by Republicans and Democrats - she is powerfully popular


A columnist describes her as naturally shrewd and a shark-like operator, who won fame, power and certain riches on a platform of pity due to being hurt and the victim of one of the worlds most powerful men.


By including many different opinions on Hillary we are able to form a less biased view of her


The text being surrounded by photos of Hillary emphasise her importance and influence over politics as we are constantly seeing her


'The Door' is a poem relating to risks and taking chances. It deals with the concepts of the fear and challenges that come with change. It captures what cooperation and bonds are needed to overcome the fear of the unknown and almost could be seen as displaying a fear of change. This poem is representative of changing worlds and how our perspective can change with a little coaxing.


"If there is a fog, it will clear," shows that even if the changed world outside the door is unfamiliar, we are able to evolve in a way that it will one day be suited to us. The door is the intimidating barrier representing risk and the passageway to the unfamiliar. You could stay within your comfort zone and be the same as always, or you could go through the door and at least have a chance that good will come from it. This shows change as a choice.


The language in the poem is persuasive and reassuring. Pleasant, positive images are created through the use of words such as "tree," "magic City" and "a wood". They all seem very inviting. Simple terminology and steady repetition break down the barriers to action, soothing and calming the concerns felt by the silent partner. Later in the poem, the chance that there may be nothing outside the door is discussed. This shows that unless you risk change, you risk not knowing if good may have come from it. The speaker stresses that the effort of seeing what is behind the door will not be wasted, meaning that with some effort you will be rewarded.


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Monday, September 21, 2020

Exercise health lifestyle

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What are the causes of chondromalacia patellae


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What is chondromalacia patellae


Chondromalacia means softening of the cartilage, and Patellae means the knee-cap. So Chondromalacia patellae means softening of the articular cartilage of the knee-cap. The articular cartilage is the cartilage lining under the knee-cap that articulates with the knee joint. Under normal circumstances, it is smooth and shiny, so that it glides smoothly along the articular groove of the femur as the knee bends. When it softens, it may break down, causing irregularities along the undersurface of the patella. What causes Chondromalacia patellae


Chondromalacia patellae occurs in two distinct age-groups


It can happen in the older age-group (in the 40's and beyond) when the articular cartilage breaks down as part of the wear-and-tear process that occurs with the rest of the body.


It can occur frequently in teenagers (especially girls) when the articular cartilage softens in response to excessive and uneven pressure on the cartilage, due to structural changes in the legs with rapid growth, and muscle imbalance around the knee. Any flexion of the knee increases the tendency of the patella to dislocate. Undue pressure is placed on the lateral (outer) facet of the patella. Moreover, in many of these teenagers, the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis components of the Quadriceps muscle are not well-balanced. The vastus lateralis tends to be more powerful than the vastus medialis, thus increasing the tendency for the patella to track or dislocate laterally. This again puts undue pressure on the lateral facet. This uneven and excessive pressure on the lateral facet of the patella leads to cartilage softening and breakdown.


What is it bursitis


Bursitis is the inflammation of a bursa. Every person has hundreds of bursae scattered throughout the body. The function of a bursa is to decrease friction between two surfaces that move in different directions. Therefore, you tend to find bursae at points where muscles, ligaments, and tendons glide over bones.


What is the cause of it


Bursitis can either result from a repetitive movement or due to prolonged or excessive pressure. An example of prolonged movement is the condition called "Miner's Elbow" in which a bursa over the elbow joint is inflamed from repetitive motions such as swinging a miner's pick. This same syndrome is see more commonly today in professions such as custodians who repetitively push and pull a vacuum.


The other cause of bursitis is due to excessive pressure on a bursa. This is seen in a condition called "Housemaid's Knee." This syndrome causes bursitis over the kneecap as a result of prolonged kneeling. It is often seen in people who spend long periods of time scrubbing hard floors, thus Housemaid's Knee. It is also seen in gardeners, carpet layers, and roofers, and that is why you see people in the professions wearing kneepads


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Bursitis can also be associated with some infections such as staphylococcus and tuberculosis, as well as some systemic diseases such as gout and arthritis. The most common sites for bursitis are the hip, knee, elbow, and heel.


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What can it be affected by


Inflammation can be a result of friction associated with any of the following


Repetitive motion


Pressure to the joint


What is rotator cuff


The rotator cuff is a component of the shoulder joint that aids in allowing the shoulder to function as the most unique joint in the body. Because of this mechanism, the shoulder joint can move and turn through a wider range than any other joint in the body; this allow us to perform an amazing variety of tasks with our arms. Unfortunately, the shoulder can be relatively easily injured, making many routine activities difficult and painful. The rotator cuff is part of this mechanism that, when healthy functions very well, but when injured can be a difficult and frustrating problem.


The rotator cuff is actually made of four muscles that attach to the shoulder blade (scapula), and wrap around the front, back, and top of the shoulder. Together these muscles help guide the shoulder through many motions, and also lend stability to the joint. The ends of the rotator cuff muscles form tendons that attach to the arm bone (humerus).


Injures to the rotator cuff


A rotator cuff tear occurs when the tendonitis in the rotator cuff gets so bad that it wears a hole through the rotator cuff tendon. Since the tendon is what connects the rotator cuff muscle to your humerus bone, when the tendon is torn, you have weakness in the shoulder. Usually these tears occur in people who have had shoulder pain for some time (called a chronic rotator cuff tear). This is, by far, the most common type of rotator cuff tear.


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What can it be effected by


The rotator cup can be effected by any of the following movement .that are either ballistic or hyper


Flexion - extension


Internal rotation - extension


Adduction - abduction


How may injuries be prevented in exercise ?


Be in proper physical condition to play a sport.


.If you play any sports, you should adequately train for that sport. It is a mistake to expect the sport itself to get you into shape. Many injuries can be prevented by following a regular conditioning program of exercises designed specifically for your sport.


Know and abide by the rules of the sport.


The rules are designed, in part, to keep things safe. This is extremely important


for anyone who participates in a contact sport. Rules of conduct, including


illegal blocks and tackles are enforced to keep athletes healthy.


Wear appropriate protective gear and equipment.


Protective pads, mouth guards, helmets, gloves and other equipment is not for


sissies. Protective equipment that fits you well can safe your knees, hands,


teeth, eyes, and head. Never play without your safety gear.


Rest.


Athletes with high consecutive days of training, have more injuries. While


many athletes think the more they train, the better theyll play, this is a


misconception. Rest is a critical component of proper training. Rest can make


you stronger and prevent injuries of overuse, fatigue and poor judgement.


Always warm up before playing.


Warm muscles are less susceptible to injuries. The proper warm up is essential


for injury prevention. Make sure your warm up suits your sport. You may


simply start your sport slowly, or practice specific stretching or mental


rehearsal depending upon your activity.


Negative effects of exercise and eating disorders


Eating disorders continue to be on the rise among athletes, especially those involved in sports that place great emphasis on the athlete to be thin. Sports such as gymnastics, figure skating, dancing and synchronized swimming have a higher percentage of athletes with eating disorders, than sports such as basketball, skiing and volleyball. . Famous gymnasts Kathy Johnson, Nadia Comaneci and Cathy Rigby have come forward and admitted to fighting eating disorders. Cathy Rigby, a 17 Olympian, battled anorexia and bulimia for 1 years. She went into cardiac arrest on two occasions as a result of it.


Many female athletes fall victim to eating disorders in a desperate attempt to be thin in order to please coaches and judges. Many coaches are guilty of pressuring these athletes to be thin by criticizing them or making reference to their weight. Those comments could cause an athlete to resort to dangerous methods of weight control and can do serious emotional damage to the athlete.


In sports where the athletes are judged by technical and artistic merit, they are under enormous pressure to be thin, because many of the judges consider thinness to be an important factor when deciding the artistic score. In 188, at a meet in Budapest, a US judge told Christy Henrich, one of the worlds top gymnasts, that she was too fat and needed to lose weight if she hoped to make the Olympic squad. Christy resorted to anorexia and bulimia as a way to control her weight, and her eating disorders eventually took her life.


Athletes with eating disorders can be at a higher risk for medical complications such as electrolyte imbalances and cardiac arrhythmias. They are already engaging in strenuous physical activity and putting a lot of pressure on the body. Having an eating disorder puts them at great risk for sudden death from cardiac arrest. It is usually difficult to convince athletes that they are in need of help because they usually believe that they will become a better athlete, and perform better, if they lose more weight.


Coaches and trainers really need to educate themselves on the dangers and on the signs to look for in an athlete that may be suffering from an eating disorder. They must be able to recognize when healthy training routines turn into an obsession where the athlete turns to drastic measures to become thin and succeed in their sport. Coaches should also bring in nutrition experts to educate the athletes on healthy eating and to make them aware of how important it is to eat properly, especially when involved in such intense training. Counselling should also be made available to athletes that are suffering from eating disorders and they should be encouraged and supported to accept the help available to them. They need to be assured that they will not be criticized or looked down on if they do come forward with their problem.


Bibliography


http//mentalhealth.about.com/cs/overexercise


http//lifefitness.com


www.google.com - search = energy systems


www.orthopedics.com


Book = sports exercise


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