Hamlet

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Hamlet Essay

Any given character can be viewed in more than one fashion and just as one interpretation may be common to many readers, others may hold a different point of view. Within Shakespeare's play Hamlet, the title character can be seen as either a man of action or a man or procrastination. Several believe that Hamlet was a weak man; a procrastinator, whereas other critics, like Werder, believe Hamlet to be a man of action with a different purpose. Hamlet is very concerned about his own soul and therefore must be certain of Claudius' guilt before he can to take action. In the end, Hamlet's ultimate task was not to kill King Claudius, but to bring the King to confession and convict him in the eyes of God, and the State of Denmark.

Bringing the King to confession took a lot of strategic planning along with logical thinking. According to the Shakespearean portrayal of ghosts, Hamlet was faced with a supernatural confrontation, where he had to decide whether the ghost was an evil omen or a truthful message from the dead. The ghost claimed to be Hamlet's father and stated to be murdered by his own brother, who presently was wearing the crown. After some thought, an opportunity arose for Hamlet to catch the guilt of King Claudius. The play preformed by the Elizabethan travelling actors was an opportunity Hamlet could not turn down. He was quick to act when he asked the players if they could act out a short scene that he would write for them. After making sure that the players agreed to the insert in the play, Hamlet later states in his soliloquy the purpose of the inserted scene, "The play's the thing/ Wherein I'll catch the conscience of the King (II, ii, 600-601)". The scene inserted by Hamlet was a portrayal of a King's brother, pouring poison into the ear of his own brother to reap the benefits of his brother's wife and Kingship. When the play began, much conversation arose with Hamlet and his mother, the Queen. As the show progressed the King rose and Polonius, the King's lapdog, shouted for the lights to be turned back on and the play was stopped abruptly. This proved to Hamlet that the King was guilty because Claudius stood up and left the room after the actor poured the poison into the ear of the actor-King. After everyone left the room, Hamlet stated to his friend Horatio, "…, I'll take the ghost's word for a / thousand pound( III, ii, 80-81)". Hamlet was quick in confirming that the ghost was telling the truth, making his uncle confess through actions, and therefore knew that it was now his duty to convict his uncle in the eyes of God.Custom writing service can write essays on Hamlet

Another piece of information revealed by the ghost was in state of unrest since he had never been given the chance to repent his sins. Hamlet knew that King Claudius had to be convicted in the eyes of God but in no way was Hamlet going to let the King have a better chance in the afterlife than his father did. Hamlet had to make sure that King Claudius was in a state of sin, without repenting, before he could be killed. After the king had left the play, Hamlet was told to meet with his mother in her chamber. On his way there, he was his uncle forced on his knees praying to the lord to help him in his hour of need. Hamlet had the perfect opportunity to slay King Claudius but in speaking to himself, he said,

And now I'll do't. And so 'a goes to heaven;

And so am I reveng'd. That would be scann'd

A villain kills my father, and for that

I, his sole son, do this same villain send

To heaven

Why, this is hire salary, not revenge. (III, iii, 74-7).

Hamlet realized that he would simply be rewarding King Claudius for his murderous deed by sending him to heaven instead of an eternity of unrest. As Hamlet continued to speak to himself, he stated that he wished to wait until the King was in sin, "No. / Up, sword, and know thou a more horrid hent (III, iii, 87-88)". Hamlet was very specific in examples of when would be a good time to kill Claudius and after giving these examples he explained, " Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven / And that his soul may be damn'd and black / As hell, whereto it goes (III, iii, -5)". Hamlet was making sure that when he killed Claudius, it would be at such a time that the King would be convicted in the eyes of God; making sure that Claudius was sent to eternal Hell.

As Hamlet continues and nears conclusion, its main character was drawn into a rigged fencing duel with Laertes; son of Polonuis. Wounded by Laertes' poisoned sword Hamlet still wanted to convict his uncle in the eyes of Denmark, even after forcing Claudius' death. With his last few words, Hamlet told his dear friend Horatio, " Horatio, I am dead, / Thou livest. Report me and my cause aright / To the unsatisfied (V, ii, 4-45)". Horatio, a noble friend, was willing to take his own life but Hamlet stopped him with honest and conscience gripping words,

If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart,

Absent thee from felicity awhile,

And in this harsh world draw they breath in pain

To tell my story. (V, ii, 51-54).

Hamlet truly wished to tell the State of Denmark that the tragedy that occurred was due to the actions of Claudius. Even as Hamlet announced Fortinbras, the Prince of Norway, as the next King of Denmark, he told Horatio with his last dying words, " So tell him, with th'occurrents more and less / Which have solicited-…(V, ii, 6-6)". A man's last words are precious to everyone and the simple fact that Hamlet's last words were of telling Denmark the truth of Claudius, proved that Hamlet's mission was to convict Claudius in the eyes of the world; which was Denmark.

Although it cost Hamlet his own life, he took all the necessary steps as to proactively bring King Claudius to justice. Forcing Claudius to confess by his actions during the play proved Hamlet's proactive characteristic. Convicting the King in the eyes of God as to when killing Claudius would undoubtedly result in an eternity of Hell an in making sure that Denmark knew the whole story concerning the illegitimacy of King Claudius' rein, portrayed Hamlet's ultimate task. Hamlet was unquestionable a man of action whose mission was completed successfully in the State of Denmark.

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Morals And Psychological Aspects in Jane Eyre

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Jane Eyre takes the idea of a fairy tale a step further by adding

psychological aspects to the story.

Jane did the right thing in regards to marrying Mr. Rochester because whatWrite my Essay on Morals And Psychological Aspects in Jane Eyre for me

is [considered] morally wrong cannot be psychologically right. In other

words, Janes moral values told her what Mr. Rochester had done wrong.

Because of this she cannot psychologically go along with it as if

nothing was wrong. Psyche and morals both are products of the mind. The

mind may consider both options, but it ultimately will choose the option

which adheres to its moral foundation.

Janes morals include honesty, justice, and friendship. Her past

experiences strongly support this moral foundation. As a child she was

constantly accused of being dishonest. Mrs. Reed even informed Mr.

Brocklehurst that she was deceitful when she met with him before sending

her off to school. She tells him that he should keep a strict eye on her,

and, above all, guard against her worst fault, a tendency to deceit. This

both infuriated and crushed Jane. She through experiences such as these

came to hate the idea of deceit along with anyone who practiced it. In

addition, Jane never saw justice. No matter how obvious it was that John

or one of his sisters were at fault Jane was always blamed.

By looking at Janes moral values it becomes apparent what Rochester has,

in Janes eyes, done wrong. He was deceitful in many ways. For one, he

didnt tell Jane that he was already married when he asked her to marry

him. Big mistake! He also pretended that he was in love with and going

to marry Blanche Ingram so that he could make Jane jealous.

Even though Jane loves Mr. Rochester she cannot go against her morals; her

beliefs. Moral and psyche are one in the conscience. Jane may have been

mentally weak in resisting the impulse to marry Mr. Rochester after she

found out the truth, but she still [kept] the law given by God;

sanctioned by man. She realized that she must uphold the principles

received by [her] when [she] was sane, and not mad. From this

perspective Jane did the right thing.

Please note that this sample paper on Morals And Psychological Aspects in Jane Eyre is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Morals And Psychological Aspects in Jane Eyre, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Morals And Psychological Aspects in Jane Eyre will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Attributes that a good engineer should have and why?

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Attributes that a good engineer should have and why?

Introduction

With the technology we have in the twenty first century we enjoy and take for granted, comforts and benefits that were unthinkable only decades back. Yet we hardly think about how, why this is possible and who makes it possible.

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Imagine a world without engineers. We are talking about a world without cars, planes, trains and certainly not mobile phones. Just two hundred years ago all this seemed a mere impossibility. For people of two hundred years ago, anything taking off the ground let alone an aircraft will be nothing short of a miracle. Engineers make miracles possible.

An engineer can be almost anything but not everyone can become an engineer. So to be a good engineer at that requires qualities and skills that are not so easily achievable. This places a grave importance on the attributes a good engineer possess and why.

Moral and ethical issues

So who is an engineer? An engineer is a person who designs, invents and evaluate things from resources that are available, so as to benefit the society. So an engineer's first responsibility is towards the society. To be a good engineer, you must be a good citizen first. This is because, no matter how well equipped an engineer is when it comes to academic prowess, engineers primarily, must have an appreciation and an understanding of the moral and ethical values of a society.

Whilst it is required for an engineer to be smart/intelligent and good at maths and the sciences, a good engineer, however, is smart and intelligent but also common sensed. A good engineer is good at maths and sciences but also enjoys and possesses a passion for it. A good engineer understands that this profession is not just about him or herself but also about the responsibility he or she has for a society and hence realising the social obligations and responsibilities that come with it.

Leadership qualities and working as part of a team

An important attribute of a good engineer is leadership qualities as well as the ability to work as part of a team. As an engineer, most of the time you work in a team either to solve a problem or to complete a project in the most efficient manner.

In these scenarios a leader is vital because a true leader has the ability to unite a team. A leader understands each of his team members and represents them. The idea of being a leader is to be fair, resolve disputes and to come to a compromise with the ideas that are presented by individuals. A team with a good leader will progress to higher levels while enjoying the work.

While it is important to have leadership qualities, to be a good leader you must essentially be a good team player. Most of the time, lot of conflicting views will come into open to the individuality of each member of the team. In a situation like this a good engineer will be willing to hear out other ideas and come to a compromise if all parties cannot be satisfied, which is usually the case.

Both a leader and a team member need to communicate well.

Communicational and listening skills

The fact that, communicational skills are important for a good engineer is an understatement. Everyday an engineer needs to communicate. May it be to your superiors, peers or customers, engineers need to have the skills to put forward their ideas and give information, simply, clearly and concisely.

Communication is not just about oral communication but also about communicating in writing. No matter how brilliant an engineer's ideas are, it will be of no use if the engineer is unable to present it either to his/her fellow engineer or to the public, orally or in writing. Hence, rendering the engineer useless.

An engineer needs to communicate to people from different walks of life. This includes your peers and also the general public. An engineer cannot communicate with a person who is not of an engineering background the same way he/she communicates with a fellow engineer.

While it is good for your opinions to be heard it's more important to listen. A good engineer has to be a good listener in order to get a solid and complete understanding of the situation or problem they are presented with.

To have good listening skill, an engineer must be broadminded. Only then can he/she can fully co-operate with his/her peers and truly listen to them. An engineer must be broadminded to accept changing trend, methods and other ideas.

A good engineer always remembers that a problem is best solved and analysed when done so with an open mind.

Analytical skills

So an engineer needs to grasp, understand, evaluate and solve various situations and problems. This is where analytical skills are essential. A good engineer needs to analyse and critically assess available data in both familiar and unfamiliar territory to arrive at good judgement.

Practical skills

An engineer cannot be just a theorist. Not only does he need to come up with the design theoretically, he must also understand how it would be implemented practically. An innovative design, which is impractical, achieves no purpose.

Being practical will help the engineer to better understand the applications of the many theories and concepts that he/she have and will come to learn. In having a hand in both the theoretical and practical side of the design, an engineer can help to make the transition of that design into reality much smoother and more efficient.

Honesty and integrity

For an engineer to adhere to the moral and ethical values, one of the principals an engineer should abide by is honesty and integrity. An engineer has to be honest and true to him/herself as well as the society. Due to great responsibility and authority that an engineer has, a dishonest and/or unethical engineer can be very harmful to the society as a whole.

A layman would not understand the complexities and problems in designing a product, hence builds a trust with the engineer. A trust that the product would be of excellent quality as well as that it was built as economically as possible. When presenting with a final cost, the engineer has an easy opportunity of abusing this trust but by doing so breaks a sacred bond between the customers and engineers and brings disgrace to a very proficient profession.

Being Knowledgeable

An engineer needs to be abreast of things. This not only means the newest developments in his/her field, but also the current affairs of the world.

Being knowledgeable will give you, as an engineer, a broader and more competent understanding of the problems and hurdles that he/she may face. It will make you a more complete person, who has ideas and opinions on most of the issues that do and do not relate to their field. By doing this, they build a larger database that they can access for a better understanding and use to inference from when they are confronted with difficult decisions or problems.

His innovations must be in-tune with the changes that are taking place in the world.

By being knowledgeable gives you the freedom and opportunity to be more creative and gives you the ability to express your ideas in an up-to-date and relevant (with world issues) format.

Creative and imaginative thinkers

A good imagination is an attribute that is a requirement of any profession that requires the person to be creative in their work, be it be an artist, a mathematician, a surgeon, a programmer and many more.

Being an engineer puts you in very complex and unique situations where the solution can be very evasive. To arrive at such evasive solutions, one needs to be creative and have an open-mind. Creativity can mean the difference between completing a project late or on time, going over budget or being under, providing an ordinary solution or an extra-ordinary one, and ultimately being just an engineer or a good engineer.

Unfortunately, just getting creative ideas does not mean that they will be used. This is due to the fact that man's common nature is to oppose change… that is to oppose anything that is out of the ordinary, and being a good engineer means that you are always striving to be extra ordinary and hence there will no doubt be opposition. This is where a strong character comes into play.

Strong character

Being intelligent, creative, knowledgeable, ethical, honest and practical will give you the foundation, but to build from there you need confidence and independence. This is the confidence in yourself, in your ability, in your knowledge and your capability to implement this knowledge. When you have this you will become independent, be able to believe in yourself and get things done.

These two coupled will give you the strong character needed to look in the hurdles and challenges that will come your way and not just overcome them, but overcome them in the most efficient and beneficial way. For example, when presenting a new idea to your superiors, you need to be able to answer any question unfalteringly, be able to back anything you present and be confident in your design and you ability to realise it.

As an engineer, you will most certainly be in charge of a project or a team(s). Not everyone will always work 100% and give it their best. There will inevitably be some that will cripple or slow the team down. Here you need to be able to confront them and challenge them, to remedy the problem.

Patience, Persistence and discipline

A strong character needs to be always complemented by patience. Whereas not everyone will be always at their 100%, as an engineer, you need to be patient and try to understand reasons and try to arrive at a compromise to solve the situation. Engineers require strong discipline with hard-willed persistence to achieve their maximum potential.

Frustration and anger with colleagues or customers always creates tense environments and leads to arguments and conflicts that hinders the progression of the design and makes the whole engineering process inefficient. This is why Patience itself is an important virtue that an engineer needs to have, due to the many people out there who are varying in intellectual capabilities.

'If once you fail, try and try again', this is one motto that any engineer should adhere by. To adhere to this, he/she first must be confident that they have the ability of meeting the challenge. This is where persistence comes into play, if the engineer believes, it will give him/her motivation to persist, but to persist he/she needs to be disciplined.

Conclusion

In this report only some of the many attributes that a good engineer must have, have been presented. It's quite hard to describe a good engineer in a report because quite simply a lot of things contribute towards the making of a good engineer. While engineers are generally high achievers, good engineers have good general knowledge and social awareness. An engineer is a complete and a well-rounded person.

Engineers are vital in a society and the world would not be the same without them simply because engineers are scientists as well as builders and a world is moulded on their shoulders. They are the link between theory and innovations The link between dream and reality.

Bibliography

1. Institute of Engineers, Australia (IEAust)

http//www.ieaust.org.au

. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

http//ieee.com

Please note that this sample paper on Attributes that a good engineer should have and why? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Attributes that a good engineer should have and why?, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Attributes that a good engineer should have and why? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Steroid Use Growing in Youth

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In a country where instant gratification defines our culture, steroid use has flourished in the last half century. This increase is partly due to the fact that these substances have become more available over time. Yet the most common reason behind usage emerges from survey after survey. In a national survey of high schoolers, the largest response in being asked why they were taking steroids, students responded that 1) it improved their athletic performance and ) it improved their appearance. (Merck Manual) Culture is yet again to blame for another downfall to our society. Our image-oriented culture has no bounds; it is now attacking high schools at a more accelerated pace than ever. With all of the negative media surrounding steroid use, it seems as though our well educated youth may avoid such abuse; that maybe the rising percentages of users may slow. This is not the case.

Studies show that the percentage of users has steadily increased since the "first ergogenic use of anabolic-androgenic steroids was reported to have occurred in the 150s…" (Wright 178). The use of different chemical aids to improve performance is not a new issue in the plight of human history. "Ancient Greeks ate sesame seeds, bufotenin was used by the legendary berserkers in Norwegian mythology, and the Andean Indians and the Australian Aborigines chewed, respectively, coca leaves and the puturi plant for simulating and anti-fatiguing effects (Csaky 17; Williams 174).

As for anabolic steroids, they are a group of muscle building chemicals, which are synthetic versions of the male hormone, testosterone. They cause androgenic (masculinizing) and anabolic (tissue building) effects on the human body.

Developed in 15 they were prescribed to aid in muscle and tissue repair by those who had undergone surgery or had degenerative diseases. Now anabolic steroids are used by athletes and patients alike. They are illegal to use if not prescribed by a physician, and have been banned by nearly all athletic organizations, both professional and amateur. Positive results in strength and muscle mass at a faster pace draw people of all ages to using this substance, despite the health risks. With these "instant" results, anabolic steroid use has not only crept into our professional athletic teams undetected, but now this fad of "juicing" is attacking high school students around the country.

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In one study, it was shown that steroid use has skyrocketed in high schools. "6 to 11% among high-school-aged males, including an unexpected number if non-athletes and about .5% among high-school aged females" (The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy, Sec Chpt. 05). Of the most common users, 5% were male, and 65% were athletes. Football was the most prominent sport to be found using anabolic steroids.

Athletes may take steroids for an allotted amount of time, stop using them, and then start again at a designated time. This is called cycling. The alternating on and off periods are believed to decrease the harmful effects of steroid use. Some of these negative effects are high endogenous testosterone levels, an increased sperm count, and an imbalance of the hypothalamic-pitutary-gondal axis. With this "cycling," studies have shown that the time off allows these dangerously high levels to return to their natural state, supposedly decreasing the risks.

Despite the negative effects in the abusers of anabolic steroids, a medicinal use for the substance has been established. "Because they are anticatabolic and improve protein utilization, they are given to burn, bedridden, or other debilitated patients to prevent muscle wasting" (Merck Manual).

Anabolic steroids in moderation are rather controversial. Short-term effects have been studied and it seems if not overused, (more than 00 mg per week) the use of the steroid Methyltestosterone does not produce adverse effects. The most common and positive signals of this study was an increase in muscle mass and also, less identifiably, increased energy levels and libido. The study of long-term effects on of "proper" levels of Methyltestosterone have not taken place yet, neither have studies on the long-term effects of the overuse of steroids in athletes. This overuse mostly takes place in bodybuilders. When not overused or "properly" administered, there is question of whether or not steroids cause damaging effects to the body at all.

When overused it is evident that steroids can cause psychological effects include erratic mood swings, irrational behavior, increased aggressiveness, irritability, depression, and dependency.

Serious symptoms of overuse can include increased acne, jaundice, liver dysfunctions or tumors (benign or malignant). In early users who are still in the pubertal stages of life, the decrease in expected final height is likely due to the premature closing of bony epiphyses. Other symptoms may be hypertension, increased cholesterol, which increases cardiovascular risks. A male user may develop gynecomastia, testicular atrophy, and azoospermia. Some more common effects in females would be alopecia, enlarged clitoris, hirsutism, and deepened voice. "A woman's breast size may decrease; vaginal mucosa may atrophy; menstruation may change or stop; libido may increase or less commonly decrease; and aggressiveness and appetite may increase" (Merck Manual).

In the future it seems as though this abuse of steroids will go on, continuing to increase until more serious measures of prevention are taken. As with any drug, an addict rarely quits without some kind of intervention. Whether it be the knowledge of the risks, or the overall crackdown on the black market (where 60% of steroids are sold) something needs to be done about this "quiet killer." More time, effort and money needs to be directed toward studying the use of steroids. The dangers of long-term effects, if any, need be established before the next generation accepts steroid abuse a "safe" and acceptable way of gaining an edge on the competition.

Please note that this sample paper on Steroid Use Growing in Youth is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Steroid Use Growing in Youth, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Steroid Use Growing in Youth will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The role of the use of force in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

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It was over fifty years ago, on May 14, 148, that Britain ended its mandate over Palestine and Jew declared the establishment of Israel. At 4pm local time in Tel Aviv, David Ben-Gurion read the proclamation of independence, declaring the birth of Israel as of midnight. Although Ben-Gurion's proclamation promised freedom and justice for all, this was not to be. Suppression of the Palestinians followed, and coupled with the conquest of their land, a formula for war was born.

Since the inception of Israel, the Palestinians have been subjected to a use of force that is indiscriminate and unjust; physical as well as psychological. It is the force of one of the strongest and well funded armies in the world against a people armed only with rocks and stones. It is a force that goes largely unchecked and rarely criticized. It is a force whose blatant disregard for human life is blanketed by the support of the most powerful and influential nation in the world the United States of America. In a time when national securities are tighter than ever, and the threat of "terrorismEis ever present, we are bombarded with images of organizations intent on murder, destruction, and the fall of the west. Organisations such as Al-Qaeda, Hamas and Hizbullah are often rattled off by the media. However, in the midst of this one-sided reportage, we fail to see where these organizations get their fuel from; we fail to see the reasons people resort to such means; and we fail to see that not only "fundamentalistEorganizations can be classified as terroristic, but also governments. We always ask about the "whoEand the "whatE but never the "whyE

Many people are now familiar with the situation in Israel. It is a region often on the news and in the papers. Unfortunately, we too often only see the conflict from an Israeli perspective, and know little of the harshness of life for the occupied Palestinians. An incident of violence against Palestinian civilians is often reported in neutral language, reducing their suffering to a statistical count. On the Israeli side, civilian casualties are treated very differently, the tragedies of loss being individualised and personalised to a great degree. The media focus almost exclusively on violence, especially Palestinian violence, without considering the fundamental relationship between occupying state and occupied people. The question then arises of the right of a people living under oppressive circumstances to act in resistance.

Israel's treatment of the Palestinians has always presented a moral problem to the west, as that treatment violates many laws and moral standards. One example of mistreatment can be seen in the lack of respect for Palestinians to live in peace. An estimated 750,000 Palestinians were driven from their homes in 148-4, and since then scores of thousands more have been pushed out by force, their houses demolished or taken over. Israel demolishes Palestinian homes on the slightest provocation E"securityE a youngster in the household throws stones at an Israeli soldier Ebut it does this mainly as part of a systematic program to provide space for Jewish settlers. Families are removed from their homes almost daily, and often given as little time as fifteen minutes to gather all their belongings. No measures are taken to ensure the evacuees have a place to go. Jews feel they have the right to dispossess people of their homes based on a biblical claim that promises the land to Abraham and his descendants. The Arabs, however, claim the land based on continuous residence for hundreds of years and the fact that they represented the demographic majority. They reject the notion that a biblical-era kingdom constitutes the basis for a valid modern claim.Cheap University Papers on The role of the use of force in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Homes are not the only facet of PalestiniansElives that are targeted. Their very livelihoods are. Since 167, Israeli occupation has been responsible for systematic and deliberate violations of the fundamental rights of the Palestinian people as set out in international humanitarian law. They are placed under curfew, arrested for 'security reasonsEEonly to be held for days without trial, subjected to police brutality, and torture. As stated by Amnesty International, Israel is the only nation in the world "to effectively legalise the use of methods which constitute torture or ill-treatmentE So common is this sort of treatment, that Israeli civilians have come to accept it, do not question it, and even see it as a legitimate part of Israeli policy. So writes Amira Hass, a well-known Israeli journalist

"How perfectly natural that 40,000 persons should be subject to local curfew for more than a monthEn order to protect the lives and well-being of 500 JewsEow perfectly natural that thirty-four schools attended by thousands of Palestinian children be closed down for more than a monthEhile the children of their Jewish neighboursEre free to frolic as usual in the street among and with the Israeli soldiers stationed thereE .

It is almost a normal day in the occupied territories, when there are bulldozings, bombings, closed borders, and shootings. Tanks roll into villages, soldiers are stationed around every corner, and the ever present threat of danger lurks. Retaliation ensues, and Israeli civilians now become the new target of indiscriminate violence.

This is a situation in which an entire society is being pressure-cooked to the point of explosion. Violence will be resorted to, and again the cycle begins, and the fear for Israelis that they will be targeted by a suicide bomber becomes very real. Suicide bombs are an act of utter desperation and while the slaughter of innocent people can never be justified, perhaps it can be explained. The most dangerous people in the world are those who have nothing to live for, and many young Palestinians fit this category. When a society is dispossessed, when the injustices thrust upon it appear unsolvable, and when the enemy is all-powerful, then the mind moves beyond reason. The Palestinians, who have suffered so many civilian casualties, now find a certain 'calmEin any suffering inflicted on their enemy. There is a feeling that they should suffer too. A suicide bomber is too buried in his own people's tragedy to think clearly. Or perhaps he is reasoned in his planning Ethe logical product of a people who have been crushed, dispossessed, tortured and killed in terrible numbers.

The conflict is imbalanced Ethis is the only way it can be seen. It is an occupied people fighting a resistance against the world's fourth largest military power. The Palestinians, unlike the Israelis, have no army, no air force, no navy, no aircraft, no tanks, no helicopters, and no nukes Eessentially, no hope.

There is not only a physical imbalance, but also there a great differences in social conditions. Israeli settlers have easier and cheaper access to water; average annual income is $10,000 more in Israel than in Palestine; and the current unemployment rate is almost six times higher amongst Palestinians than Israelis. Also, according to Amnesty International, due to curfews and closures,

"…children have been denied their right to education, the sick have been denied their right to medical care, and workers have been denied their right to work.E

As a result, more than half of the Palestinian people are living below the poverty line, and malnutrition and other health problems have sharply increased.

It really depends on one's definition of terror whether or not Israel's policies towards Palestinians can be classified as "terroristicE However the fact that their occupation has produced two intifadas does say a lot. Intifadas that have both been rooted in the severity of Israel's abuses in the occupied territories, and while the international community in general does nothing substantive for the victims; they have little choice but to fight.

The fact is that the collective punishment of a people caught in the grips of a military occupation is as much a form of terrorism as reliance on suicide bombers to explode deadly weapons in the places where innocent civilians abound.

"Every Palestinian under thirty-six years of age grew up under a violent Israeli military occupation.E The occupation needs to end and the conflict must be resolved. This cannot come through the belligerent use of force. The outlines of a proper peace are there for anyone to see Eif they are not blinded by hatred, self-righteousness and mistrust. There is hope Ea majority of Palestinians are in favour of living with Israel in peace if they pull back to pre-167 borders, while many Israelis are in favour of giving up settlements and occupied land for peace. There is room for manoeuvre, if there were those who wanted to use it.

This is a conflict filled with history Ea history of lies, hatred, death, and injustice Eon both sides. After more than half a century of fighting, have they not realized it is doing nothing to bring about a stable peace? Leaders of both sides need to come together and talk. That is all Etell each other of the horrors you have seen inflicted on your peoples, and the desperate urgency there is to negotiate a fair solution in order to stop the suffering. In a perfect world, this is all that would be needed, but as history has shown us, a resort to violence and oppression had usually been the preferred way, rather than granting a fair, just, and equitable right to live.

Please note that this sample paper on The role of the use of force in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The role of the use of force in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college essays on The role of the use of force in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Styles of Painting: The Early to High Renaissance Periods

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Styles of Painting The Early to High Renaissance Periods

Ancient art was revered, not only as an inspiring model but also as a record of trial and error that could reveal the successes of former great artists. Intending to retrace the creative process rather than to merely imitate the final achievements of antiquity, Early Renaissance artists sought to create art forms consistent with the appearance of the natural world and with their experience of human personality and behavior. The early part of the sixteenth century is a period often referred to as the High Renaissance. The essential feature of High Renaissance art was its unity. Paintings invoked increasing dramatic force with the human forms becoming so life-like; they almost seemed to be breathing. The High Renaissance also heralded a new style called Mannerism. It was characterized by dramatic use of color, distorted figures, violent compositions and a move towards the grotesque and outrageous.

Rational inquiry was believed to be the key to success; therefore, efforts were made to discover the correct laws of proportion for architecture and for the representation of the human body and to systematize the rendering of pictorial space. Although these artists were keenly observant of natural phenomena, they also tended to extrapolate general rules from specific appearances. Similarly, they made an effort to go beyond straightforward transcription of nature, to instill the work of art with ideal, intangible qualities, endowing it with a beauty and significance greater and more permanent than that actually found in nature. These characteristics--the rendering of ideal forms rather than literal appearance and the concept of the physical world as the vehicle or imperfect embodiment of monumental spiritual beauty--were to remain fundamental to the nature and development of Italian Renaissance art.Write my Essay on Styles of Painting: The Early to High Renaissance Periods

By the late 15th century the novelty of the first explosive advances of Renaissance style had given way to a general acceptance of such basic notions as proportion,

contraposto (twisted pose), and linear perspective; consequently many artists sought means of personal expression within this relatively well-established repertoire of style and technique. The approach and beliefs of the High Renaissance artists were driven by the Neo-Platonism, which is the philosophical mixture of Platonic ideas, Oriental mysticism and Christianity. These concerned the philosophers, poets, artists, and architects, to integrate classical ideas with Christian thoughts and values. Physical beauty was used to express

spiritual beauty. Classical architecture was used to create an ideal space for figures, rather than an exercise in perspective. Landscapes were beautifully idealized so as to create a setting fit for Divine Beings. Perfect beings were shown inhabiting a world beyond everyday surroundings. During the Early Renaissance, artistic themes were generally linked to the rediscovery of the classical world. This was exemplified by such works as Mantegna's Triumphs of Ceasar, which identified a new view of man, whose destiny was guided by personal virtues and abilities. This idea sought to distance humanity from the previous, secure relationship with God that had been one of the few certainties of medieval life. The human body was the main preoccupation of High Renaissance artists and they often depicted it nude. The preferred figure type was more mature and monumental, with contrapposto being used to give movement to the large, solid figures. The aim was the perfect rendering of beautiful bodies. Mature models were preferred. Limbs were full and powerful. Women were shown with rounded torsos and broad hips and men were heavily muscled, showing the influence of antique statues. The figures will present with physical actions that are energetic and purposeful with nothing tentative or hesitant about them. These styles owed to the ideal concepts of a human figure.

The Early Renaissance was not, as was once maintained, merely an imperfect but necessary preparation for the perfection of High Renaissance art but a period of great intrinsic merit. In retrospect, however, Early Renaissance painting seems to fall short of thoroughly convincing figural representation, and its expression of human emotion is stylized rather than real. Furthermore, the strength of individual features of a work of art is disproportionate to the whole composition. By the time of the High Renaissance, the artists fully understood the application of perspective, the uses of color and consistent light and the correct depiction of the

anatomical human body in any position. High Renaissance artists, used these techniques to create vision of an idealized world and to glory about the churches. They tried to idealize the mankind, the universe, and go beyond the natural world, as they saw man had the potential and dignity to be God-like.

References

Kemp, M. (17). Behind the picture art and evidence in the italian renaissance. New Haven and London Yale University Press.

Murray, L. (167 & 177). The high renaissance and mannerism. London Thames and Hudson Ltd.

Van Os, H., Honee, E., Nieuwdorp, H., & Ridderbos, B. (14). The art of devotion in the late middle ages in europe 100-1500. New Jersey Princeton University Press.

Cole, B. (18). The renaissance artist at work. New York Harper and Row Publishers.

Masaccio The Holy Trinity (146-8) http//joinday.com/abc/M/masaccio/masaccio5.jpg

Sandro Botticelli Allegory of Spring (La Primavera) (1477-78)

http//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/botticelli/botticelli.la-primavera.jpg

Andrea Mantegna The Triumph of Caesar (1486)

http//heraklia.fws1.com/legacy/

Michelangelo Creation of Adam (1508-1)

http//www.abcgallery.com/M/michelangelo/michelangelo.JPG

Please note that this sample paper on Styles of Painting: The Early to High Renaissance Periods is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Styles of Painting: The Early to High Renaissance Periods, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Styles of Painting: The Early to High Renaissance Periods will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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International accounting for DCX

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Business and International Accounting

Over the years business has crossed boundaries, spanned over land and ocean, and generally changed the world. As business continues to evolve more broadly on a worldwide level, an introduction of new products, new jobs, and new ways of operating in the business world has occurred. This evolution does not occur without certain complexities developing, which then fuels a search for more effective ways to be successful worldwide. A major impact is in the accounting policies and methods used by companies operating international subsidiaries. Through a better understanding of international accounting and its affect on a company headquartered in two different countries, these troublesome issues with respect to becoming successful worldwide becomes clear.

Accounting encounters more challenges when entering the international arena. Foreign subsidiaries introduce issues of translation, transaction, and exchange rates. Through exploration of the Federal Accounting Standard 5 Foreign Currency Translation, a better understanding of these three issues becomes apparent. Translation deals with taking one currency such as the U.S. dollar, and translating it into another currency such as the British Pound, for reporting purposes. This represents one of the main difficulties in international accounting - preparing consolidated financial statements when a company has foreign subsidiaries that are included. FAS 5 explains foreign currency translation as, "The process of expressing in the reporting currency of the enterprise those amounts that are denominated or measured in a different currency" (FAS, Appendix E).

The transactions deal with the second main difficulty in international accounting, which includes how to account for purchases and sales that are made with foreign currency. FAS 5 explains foreign currency transactions as, "Transactions whose terms are denominated in a currency other that the entity's functional currency. Foreign currency transactions arise when an enterprise buys or sells on credit goods or services whose prices are denominated in foreign currency, borrows or lends funds and the amounts payable or receivable are denominated in foreign currency, is a party to an unperformed forward exchange contract or for other reasons acquires or disposes of assets, or incurs or settles liabilities denominated in foreign currency" (Appendix E).

Finally, exchange rates are the last big issue in international accounting. Currency values fluctuate from country to country and from day to day. The weight of the currency is mainly reliant on economic and political stability of that country. This brings about the need to calculate how much one currency is worth compared to another.

"The current exchange rate is the rate at which one unit of currency can be exchanged for another currency. For purposes of translation of financial statements, the current exchange rate is the rate as of the end of the period covered by the financial statements or as of the dates of recognition in those statements in the case of revenues, expenses, gains, and losses" (Appendix E).

Operations and transactions of a company are affected by the changing prices of goods and services it buys and sells comparable to a particular currency, which may also be used for financial reporting. If the company operates in more than one currency, it is affected by the changing prices of goods and services in more than one economic environment, and changes in values of the different units of currency. This can bring about gains and losses due to exchange rate differences.

One route companies take to guard against losses is forward exchange contracts which are, "an agreement to exchange at a specified future date currencies of different countries at a specified rate" (Appendix E). Also the use of currency swaps, "an exchange between two enterprises of the currencies of the two different countries agree to re-exchange the two currencies at the same rate of exchange at a specified future date" (Appendix E). These issues may be hard to understand just in reading them. By using a specific example of a company dealing with international accounting these issues become much clearer.

To make the complexities of international accounting more transparent, we will use DaimlerChrysler as an example. Some background information will prove useful in further explanations of International issues. On May 7th 18 a worldwide announcement was made about the merger of DaimlerBenz and Chrysler. These two combined to form the world's leading automotive, transportation, and financial services company. This merger brought two different companies and two different worlds together, one headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany, and the other in Auburn Hills, Michigan. The merger has linked two countries together but not without difficulties and differences. Much of what was formally Chrysler territory began to be taken over by the Daimler side, which was greatly aided by the stepping down of Robert Eaton of Chrysler, leaving only one Chairman of the Board, Jurgen E. Schrempp. This merging of companies may be successful in some areas but not without challenges to overcome to be successful in worldwide competition.

Through an interview with Robert E. Menzies, Assistant Controller for Chrysler Brands and Canada at DaimlerChrysler Services I was introduced to the issues of international accounting that really affect the business. The first thing that they have to deal with is the differences in the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles between Germany and the United States. These differences have created different problems with reporting. But it is not only Germany that poses a problem for the United States in terms of GAAP but also Canada and Mexico. DaimlerChrysler Services deals with all of North America and includes Canada and Mexico. DaimlerChrysler consists of 470 German and non-German subsidiaries and one joint venture. 10 of these companies are accounted for in the consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. When consolidated financial statements are made for DaimlerChrysler's annual report they are prepared in terms of U.S. GAAP and also to comply with certain German requirements. "The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The consolidated financial statements were supplemented with a consolidated business review report, which comply with the fourth and seventh directives of the European community. For the interpretation of these directives we relied on the statement by the German Accounting Standards Committee" (Annual Report, 68).

The reporting currency for DaimlerChrysler is the Euro, but in the annual report the amounts are also shown in U.S. dollars, "The dollar being unaudited and presented solely for the convenience of the reader at a rate of 1 Euro = $0.801 the Noon Buying Rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 1, 001" (78).

DaimlerChrysler is also concerned with accounting for translation and transactions. As Mr. Menzies explained, they must first take the different currencies in North America and translate them into the U.S. dollar. So translation entails taking the Mexican peso and the Canadian dollar and converting it into the U.S. dollar. Then they must take the translations they have in U.S. dollars and translate them into the Euro, which is the reporting currency for the financial statements.

The way that DaimlerChrysler deals with foreign exchange rates is also something we need to look at. Foreign exchange rate management is something a company like DaimlerChrysler needs to think about, since their business produces cash in various currencies. Mr. Menzies also informed me of the difference in practices between the German and U.S. sides of the company. In terms of foreign exchange rate on the American side, they use a month end average of exchange rates, which was expected to be good enough for reporting on the balance sheet.

A problem arose when translating these figures to match up with Germany. Part of the German GAAP is using an average daily rate, so there are 65 different foreign exchange rates that are averaged together rather then the month end average method. Because these differences cause so much extra work and confusion at Chrysler they have now actually changed over to German GAAP and use their exchange rates to prevent the extra time it was previously taking to reconcile the financial statements.

DaimlerChrysler does use some derivative financial instruments like forward foreign exchange contracts, swaps, and forward rate agreements to help control losses in changes in exchange rates. As a consequence of the global nature of DaimlerChrysler businesses, its operations and its reported financial results and cash flows are exposed to the risks associated with fluctuations in the exchange rates of the U.S. dollar, the Euro and other world currencies. The group's businesses are exposed to transaction risk whenever revenues of a business are denominated in a currency other than the currency in which the business incurs the costs relating to those revenues.

As we have seen through the example of DaimlerChrysler international issues do have a great affect on the business and accounting for the company. We have seen that it can sometimes become confusing in dealing with different regulations and different currency for so many companies. These difficulties will hopefully reduce as the International Accounting Standards Committee works towards global accounting that plans to be out in the next 5 to 6 years. This will help many issues that companies with foreign subsidiaries face, but until then companies will continue to work through what issues they have to compete successfully on the worldwide stage.

Please note that this sample paper on International accounting for DCX is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on International accounting for DCX, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on International accounting for DCX will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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