Asian Animation

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Cartoons were always enjoyment for people and there are many different

types of cartoons and animations. Asian animation has developed way

differently than western countries. Anime, Japanese animation, is very popular

in Japan, and now it has gained a followings in America and is beginning to hit

the mainstream. But the Americas lack of understanding about other country

led to very bad stereotypes and wrong impressions about Asian animation.

Those stereotypes come when they do not know well about Asian animations.

Also, other Asian Animations are improving and become better and better

everyday.

They are not that many nations producing as good quality animation as

Japanese. But there still are few Asian countries making many animations and

they all have their own styles. Japan is a leading Asian animation country and

making best animations in the world. Japanese animation is called 'Anime?and

present days the Anime is very popular in whole world. Anime has started very

long ago, first Japanese animation was produced during 117 and Osamu

Tezuka, a qualified doctor, created the first anime in Japan in 151. "Tetsuwan

Atom? or "Astro Boy?as it was known elsewhere, marked the advent of Anime.

Even though it is not as good quality and advanced as Anime, Korean

animation is second greatest Asian animation producing country. First Korean

animation started 156. Korea first official contacted with Japanese anime in

late 170's to early 180's by anime called "Great Mazinga.?This started the

anime boom in Korea and it influenced Korean animations. Korean animation

and Japanese anime is very close each other. Korean animation learned

technologies and styles from Japanese anime. Other Asian countries are not

really onto animation. Hong Kong or Taiwan has their great looking comic

books, but they do not have their animation. There are great difference between

the western animations and Asian animation. For example, Disney is most

famous western animation in the world, and Anime is most well known Asian

animation.

Major difference is the unique Japanese anime style and technique,

which is distinctive and fairly easy to recognize. Asian animations

contain greater details, for example, they contain shade on face,

shining hair and eyes under light, and fashionable clothes with

wrinkles. They also have many different styles of drawings, edge like

faces or smooth faces (Poitras 1)

Anime, or Japanese animation, is a style of animation most recognizable

by characters with large eyes and beautifully detailed backgrounds

(Merill 56). Once people watch anime, they will find besides spectacular

animation, anime has complex characters and deep stories, many of

which teach morals and values. Anime is a highly-used medium in

Japan. It appears in the movies and on TV. In fact, nearly one-half of all

tickets sold in Japan are for anime.

Some famous anime directors are Hayao Miyazaki, Reiji Matsumoto, Mamoru Oshii, Osamu Tezuka, Tatsuo Yoshita, and Katsuhiro Otomo. Hayao Miyazaki directs "lavishly illustrated, sincere, family-oriented, deeply resonate stories for children?(The Anime Filmmakers) such as "Kiki's Delivery Service"and "Laputa Castle in the Sky? He also directed "Mononoke Hime? a "creative and technical tour-de-force?(The Anime Filmmakers), which is the most popular film in Japanese history. He is the king of Anime. Reiji Matsumoto created Space Cruiser Yamato or Star Blazers as it was known here. Mamoru Oshii directed "Ghost in the Shell? "the current standard for high-tech anime filmmaking?(The Anime Filmmakers) Osamu Tezuka created "Tetsuwan Atom? known in America "Astro Boy.?Tezuka is also responsible for the 'large eye'look?(The Anime Filmmakers) found in anime, his anime is the first anime to produced in Japan. Tezuka is the father of anime. Tomino, Yoshiyuki created "Mobile Suite Gundam? the best and most famous mechanic anime in history, this anime is mother of mechanic anime. Katsuhiro Otomo directed "Akira? the first blockbuster anime film in America, it was cutting edge in both countries and it began the "adult anime revolution?-"violent imagery, complex stories, and controversial subjects (The Anime Filmmakers)?

There are three mediums for anime TV series, movies, and OVA, which stands for Original Video Anime. TV series are shown on TV, movies in the theatres, and OVAs go directly to video (Clements 4, 56). Some popular television and OVA series in Japan as well as America are Tenchi Muyo!, Sailor Moon, Dragon Ball Z, The Slayers, Neon Genesis Evangelion, Urusei Yatsura, Mach Go Go Go, Space Battleship Yamato, Ranma 1/, Ah! My Goddess, Pok?on, Gatchaman, Transformers, Yu Yu Hakusho, Voltron, and Birdy the Mighty.

Some popular movies are Tenchi the Movie 1 and , Ninja Scroll, Ghost in the Shell, Akira, Urusei Yatsura , Project A-ko, Mononoke Hime, Galaxy Express , Be Forever Yamato, Laputa Castle in the Sky, My Neighbor Totoro, Kiki's Delivery Service, and Grave of the Fireflies. When anime is translated into English, it can be found in two forms, dubbed, where voice actors put the words spoken into English, or subtitled, where the original dialogue is kept and the English equivalent is shown across the bottom of the screen (Kirkindall 0). Subtitled seems to keep more to what is actually being said, but some of the puns can be hard to understand while dubbed can make the dialogue make sense and sound funnier (Kirkindall 0). In the end, it's really just a matter of preference.

Korea, as mentioned, is second best Asian animation country in Asia. Korean animations are largely influenced by Japanese anime after import of Anime in the country. Korea produces lots of animations every year. They have TV series, OVA, and movie, but Korean animation never success. Korean animations have pretty nice qualities and looks but because of people's stereotype, Korean animation is really hard to success. Indeed, Korean animations are not as good and fun as anime, but people think Korean animations are worse than Japanese and boring. With this stereotype, every time people watch Korean animation the automatically think it's boring. This is brought the dullness of Korean animation (KOSCAS C). Korea and China both likes animations very much. But China doesn't have animation technology and supports to produce their own animations. Korea is keep learning from Anime and keep improving, and they are also keeping their own styles at same time.

What makes anime so cool? It's really hard to describe, but yet thousands of people all across the World, who can't describe it themselves, attend cons and are members of clubs. No one can really say what it could be-- the amazing detail, fantastic stories, the complex plots, or the unforgettable characters...It can be any of these. The growing popularity of anime in America has resulted in a large number of anime clubs being founded on college campuses and increasingly at high schools. Many clubs watch and discuss anime, produce newsletters or fanzines, have tape libraries for members, and organize special events. Some amateur clubs draw and study the anime and even produce them. "Anime has changed not in the past five years, but the past one year.?"Anime used to be cultish, you had to know someone, study Japanese, belong to a fan club.?(Trish Ledoux, The Anime Filmmakers) Now that otaku are being found all over the nation, more and more anime cons are taking place in America. "What better way to spend a beautiful summer weekend than by spending it indoors with a few thousand fellow freaks??(Pachi Pachi #1) "Otherwise normal people transform into robots, heroes, and strange creatures; people get your inside jokes, and most importantly, being a geek finally pays off.?(Pachi Pachi #1) Cons are great places to go to to meet and talk to distributors, dealers, production companies, voice actors, animators, translators, and other anime fans. "Cons are all about parties, obscure anime in the late night video rooms, finding a favorite anime, the cosplay, cool music videos, meeting the guests of honor, and singing karaoke.?(Pachi Pachi #) These fans are making anime little more than just animation.

Why do we watch anime? We've been asking ourselves that for ten years and it seems an indefinable thing. I think perhaps it's a visual sense. The Japanese go out of their way to make it look cool, appealing, and flashy. That about sums it up, why all anime fans gravitate towards this style of animation rather than Bugs Bunny or something more "American?-beautiful animation with a great story and cast of characters. "Stories deal with thought-provoking themes, present complex characters that change as the stories progress. In comparison with American animation, anime has a story and you can never be sure what the ending will be. It's not unusual for a major character to die, lose the one they love to another, or fail at what they're trying to do. In comparison with American animation, which are almost always 'Good vs. Bad?or have happy endings, anime deeply explores the moral and spiritual ambiguities of life and culture in a world pushed over the edge by rampaging technological progress. Characters are more complex, villains can be understandable and change their ways, heroes can show bad traits and even commit horrid acts.

Anime is "often overemphasized for gratuitous violence and sex (The Anime Filmmakers)?sometimes just to sell it. This is terrible because, for the most part, these rumors are untrue and once they get around to a certain person, anime becomes edited, censored, or classified as "adults-only?material, regardless of content. A big issue when it comes to censorship is violence. Much of the translated anime is action-oriented, mostly sci-fi and fantasy. Usually violence isn't any worse than what can be seen in TV or in movies, but it can be carried to extremes. When it is carried to extremes, all too many times anime is given a stereotype as "super-violent Japanese porn cartoons?which isn't remotely true, especially seeing as how ?0% of anime is aimed at children.?(The Anime Filmmakers) Also, because of the "cartoons are for kids?mentality, just a small amount of violence sets people off when what they need to understand is that violence happens. "Events have consequences. That's why violence is in the movies. People get shot, and when they do, they fall down and stay dead. This is something you don't see in American cartoons. Sexual content is usually only hinted at and rarely explicit. "One thing to remember is the American press often makes statements about sex in anime that are untrue.?Some people think anime is bad and evil due to what the media says, even if they have never seen it themselves, and what happens is censoring and makes getting anime to be brought over to America that much harder.

Asian Animations have bright future ahead of them. Korea is going to get better and increase it success rate. Japanese anime will be more popular and famous and they will going to keep the fans. Animation is controlling kids to adults. It's power is great, can even control the kids in whole world, like not a fan. If everyone respects more for animation and knows more about them is very useful for the fans. Hope, in future there would be no stereotype, and know more about animation. Asian animations are not worse than any other drawing and will conquer the economy of animations. I am not sure if I pasted the correct one or the ruff draft one... and I got too lazy and stopped correcting the lines... so its pretty massed up... but I think it was pretty good essay~ if it is the correct one.

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The internet

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on the internet. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality the internet paper right on time.

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The Internet is an advancement, which holds numerous opportunities and privileges for everyone. Individuals, companies, and institutions use the Internet in many ways. Businesses use the Internet to provide access to complex databases. Companies carry out electric commerce, including advertising, selling, buying, distributing products, and providing after-sale services (Ater, 7). Businesses and institutions use the Internet for voice and video conferencing and other forms of communication that enable people to telecommute or work from a distance. The use of e-mail over the Internet has greatly speeded communications between companies, among coworkers, and between other individuals. Media and entertainment companies use the Internet to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs. These companies also offer on-line chat groups, in which people carry on discussions using written text and voice communication. People use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, and also to buy and sell goods and services. The Internet is a global computer network allowing communication with millions of computer users and access to virtually anything around the world. The positive progression of communication is an outstanding necessity to this day and age. Computer use has increased dramatically and it has now become possible for everyone to be able to afford to purchase a computer.

The creation of the computer and Internet has affected businesses in many positive ways. These applications are a successful establishment in a business setting. Both deliver quality management capabilities and serve the international standard for businesses and industries around the world. They have an enormous impact on human communication. Computers in a business setting serve the role of communication

amongst others inside and outside of the company. Both of these applications (computers and the Internet) also provide a business with capabilities to broadcast ideas quickly and efficiently.

The Internets broadcasting abilities are considered to be very wide spread. The most obvious applications of the Internet are sales/marketing and data management, which is the process of organization that is designed to simplify a system while still maintaining the flexibility that can be easily adapted to anyones specific needs. The growth of the Internet has made communication with remote locations such as district offices, outside sales staff, etc. more efficient than ever before.Buy the internet term paper

Advertising on the Internet has been increasing and is viewed while surfing, reading e-mail, and spending time on the web in general. We are probably exposed to about 5 pop-up ads continuously, one after another, just by simply entering a single web site. By my own personal experience, I find it distracting when I enter a web site and am surrounded with several advertisement windows that take forever to close even after you have left the web site. By the time I am actually finished closing all of the Advertising campaigns use specific images to manipulate the consumer into believing they must have a specific product. It is very easy to get side tracked when you see an advertisement you are interested in and would like to know more about. Advertising abilities vary from banner style advertisements to game imaged ones that encourage you to play a game and win a prize. It has been said that the primary form of advertising on the web (ex banner form ads) has proven notoriously ineffective at generating clicks. This can be looked at in a positive and negative way. The positive viewpoint is the fact that negative feedback from a bad advertisement simply means it needs more work. Direct response advertising, (such as ads that suggest click here for more information or my personal favorite Punch the monkey and win $0 instantly, as seen on msn.com.) allow advertisers to find out how effective/ineffective a given advertisement actually is. The negative aspect is the actual hard work of trying to figure out exactly how to attract people and get them to respond to your ad.

According to recent research, the number of online users in the US is expanding rapidly. In addition, within the last year, online commerce (which is considered to be the large scale buying and selling of goods and services) transactions have become commonplace (Einstein, 1). This given statement is another excellent reason why the Internet and computers are a positive advancement for businesses. When customers go on-line, they are most often looking for information on specific types of products or trying to find savings on products they need. This is clearly a booming potential market and one that will significantly impact the way that advertising and commerce is conducted over the upcoming years.

-Approximately 64. million US adults (.5 percent of the adult population) currently use the Internet, according to the Spring 1 CyberStats report from Mediamark Research, Inc. (Almost 65 Million Americans Online, cyberatlas.internet.com, May 1)-According to EMarketers ECommerce Study], by year-end 1, the number of online buyers will double to 6.1 million, or 16.6 percent of the U.S. population 14 and older. By the year 00, eMarketer says the U.S. will have 6.7 million online buyers, representing nearly one-third or 8.4 percent, of all Americans 14 and older.

(Online Buyers to Double by the End of 1, cyberatlas.internet.com, December 18)

- EMarketer has found that ... .1 million [web users] are window shopping -- browsing, researching, and comparison shopping for goods and services over the web.

(Online Buyers to Double by the End of 1, cyberatlas.internet.com, December 18)

[Quotes and estimates received by www.townvalues/advantages.com]

There have nearly been 407.1 million people, which were estimated to access the Internet as of November 000. This is a global figure, which also highlights the fact that the Internet is the one medium, which can be used to reach every city and every country over the globe. It means your business does not just have to concentrate on local markets

meaning anything is possible.The Internet represents one of the most successful examples of worldwide communication, which involves the interaction of people and their computers, despite their location. If a business has a web site, this in itself means it is accessible by the global market, and it is vital that this business takes advantage of this. Your businesses web site has the ability to be viewed from all over the country and world. The only way to market globally is via the Internet, and the only way to accomplish that, is with a computer. The computer and Internet provide us with the ability to promote locally and globally. Normal media advertising and promotion (such as

through magazines, radio and local promotions) cannot gain as much traffic as marketing on the Internet can.

An advantage of advertising on the web is the fact that there are hundreds, possible thousands of places where you can advertise for free on the Internet. You just have to know where to find them. This is a valuable resource for a new person just starting out without a lot of money, looking for more exposure for their business. When

first starting off a business, you need all the publicity it can possibly receive. As long as these free sites are available, they will be used. With out the existence of computers and the Internet, this option would never be possible. By bringing more exposure to your site you gain another method of promotion that excels more that what television, newspapers and radio have to offer.

The creation of the computer and Internet has held an important role in intercommunication within a company. The distance learning process, reveals a widespread interest in using the Internet for education-from-home. Distance learning is a process of learning from home by means of video instruction and e-mail. It involves teaching or learning a skill for a job. For instance, instead of paying for a group of employees to attend a training seminar, you are able to produce an at work/home seminar, subtracting the travel fees, which will in the long run, save your business money.

The Internet has contributed to the success of small businesses in the international market. Early hopes of Internet-based commerce have not proven themselves to be the route that such commerce was expected to take, but the growth of the Internet and its associated technology have become the lifeblood of many businesses that otherwise would have remained tabletop businesses with only local influence (Einstein, 7). The most successful Internet ventures have been products over services, but each has seen growth. The arrival of the secure electronic transaction has relieved the fears of many who formerly were would-be purchasers that have now joined the growing numbers of consumers and businesses taking advantage of the opportunities of the Internet. Many people are beginning to over come the apprehension of ordering products on-line. It is something that has gradually become safer and more efficient.

Though the Internet has not reached its full potential as a sales tool, it is

heading resolutely in that direction, and to the point that those companies not offering extensive online options to their existing customers may lose those customers to businesses that do.

The computer and the Internet have proved to enhance our capabilities within a business. It has given us the power to advertise on-line and be viewed by anyone in the world that owns a computer and a modem. These advances have affected businesses by the ways of advertising, communication within a company, distance learning, and on-line commerce and data management.

The topics explained in this paper are only a few of the many advances that the computer and the Internet have to offer for a business. The computers abilities in a business setting are wide spread. Computers have the ability to be upgraded which allow them to produce a powerful newer version of the latest software, which saves money by not having to buy brand new PCs anytime a new advancement is discovered. Utilizing the advances of both hardware and software are important to business quality and production. Computers are time savers, by the means of spell check and Excel spreadsheets that do the work for you by simply entering a formula for it to follow. You even have the ability to turn your PC into a fax machine with the right software, which is actually cheaper then buying your own fax machine, which can cost hundreds. Keeping up with current technology is difficult, but necessary, task for all businesses. Faxing over your PC is a small, but important step in helping the environment conserve paper. You can even make a phone call by using your computer. Web sites such as dialpad.com or I-link.com allow this as long as you have a microphone.

Technology makes it easier to accessing information such as handling customer profile information, company-wide inventory accounting, inventory control & product information, and more (Alter, 4). Computers, in conjunction with Internet use, organize data, structure it, and present it in a way that can be easily utilized. The impact of increased use of these applications has an influence of how a company or business will succeed and progress.

Works Cited

1. Ater, Mark. and Ater, Betty. Internets Users Handbook. Mcfarland & Company Inc. Jefferson, North Carolina. 001.

. Akens, David S. Computers in Plain English. PC Press Inc.

Huntsville, Alabama. 1.

. Einstein, David. PCs for Busy People. McGraw-Hill. 16.

4. Pearson, Olen R. Personal Computer Buying Guide Revised Edition. Yonkers, New York. 1.

Additional Information received from the World Wide Web

www.encarta.com

http//www.townvalues.com/advantages.html

http//www.isoc.org/internet-history/brief.html

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Cell-Phones

If you order your cheap custom paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Cell-Phones. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Cell-Phones paper right on time.

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Cell Phone Regulations are not needed

Full commercial use of the cell phone in the United States began in 18. Today an estimated 80 million people own cell phones and surveys indicated that 85% of these owners use them while driving. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that at any given time during day house 500,000 passenger vehicles drivers, or 0% of all such drivers are using a cell phone. How are we supposed to regulate use?

Ninety-one percent of Americans believe driving while talking on a cell phone distracts drivers and increase the likelihood of an accident, according to a 000 survey conducted by the Insurance Research Council. There seems to be a general consensus that cell phone use while driving is a cause for concern, but now one can say with certainty how serious it is.

Cell phones could be distracting, but we have to weigh in all the benefits. Cell phones have caused some deaths and injuries, but have also given us a sense of security and convenience, which to some are priceless. An analysis by Joshua Cohen, PhD senior research scientist for AT&T Wireless, found that only approximately 1 per million drivers per year died of voluntary risk (a driver using a cell phone). And 4 per million drivers per year died of involuntary risk (not the person using the cell phone). These numbers are not very large.Custom writing service can write essays on Cell-Phones

A 001 study funded by the American Automobile Association and conducted by the University of North Carolina produced finding that suggest that drivers are more distracted by changing radio stations or inserting a CD than by using their cell phone. In fact, the study shows that cell phones account for only 1% of accidents. In comparisons to the 11.4% who were distracted by adjusting a radio, cassette or CD, and almost 0% who were distracted by an outside person, object or event.

In Minnesota cell phone crashes represent only a tiny fraction less than 0.4% of all crashes in each category in 000�Total fatal crashes (0.004%); Injury crashes (0.0%); Damage crashes (0.150%)�It should be noted that the crashes studied did not all take place while the cell pone user was actually on the phone. Any collision that took place within ten minutes after a cell phone call was considered to be "cell phone related."

Cohen's analysis also compared the monetary benefits and costs of a possible approach of a complete ban on non-emergency cell phone use by drivers. He compared the benefits by measuring reduced medical costs, reduced property damage, and estimated of what people would be willing to pay to avoid pain, suffering and death, against the benefits of cell phone use by drivers by measuring estates of what subscribers pay to use their phone while driving. The benefits of a ban would be worth about $ billion to $1 billion. Those saving would be roughly offset by the economic value of the banned calls ranging from $17 billion to $151 billion.

A mobile phone ban would certainly be ignored. The only state that has a law banning cell phones while driving is New York and the New York Times says it is "widely ignored." In addition, regulation could cancel out the safety benefits of having a phone in the car. When you're stuck in traffic, calling to say you'll be late can reduce stress and make you less prone to drive aggressively to make up lost time. There are over million 11 calls per year from phones to report emergencies and dangerous situations. For persons driving alone at night, in bad weather, or on little-used highways�cell phones provide added security and a greater margin for error. Indeed, many people want a cell phone in their vehicle for safety reasons.

Instead of legislation, a lot of educating could be used to teach drivers how to operate cell phones. There are also laws against reckless and careless driving; these laws need to be enforced before setting new laws. In the Louisiana Driver's Guide Classes D and E, the reckless driving law reads "If you operate a vehicle in a criminally negligent or reckless manner you are committing a crime punishable by a fine and jail." If you are crossing lanes and swerving while using a cell phone, then you are driving recklessly, which is a reason for a ticket or fine.

Cell phone makers argue that the problem is not the phones per se, but the people's carelessness. They say that the solution is education, not legislation. The Cellular Telephone Industry Assessment, a Washington DC trade organization, declared the week of May -8 Wireless Safety Week, and through advertising it is urging phone users to make safety a priority. The cell phone industry has launched a campaign that encourages driver's responsibility. Most cell phone manufacturers include hands-free options, headsets and voice-activated dialing.

Restrictions on using phones while driving have been proposed in 4 states over the past five years with no result. Legislators know that you cannot pass a bill that regulates common sense. Unless we have more actuate evidence, bills will not pass and if this bill pass, it would only be the beginning with cell phones as distractions.

"Cell Phones and Driving." Insurance Information Institute. Feb. 00 http//www.iii.org/media/hottopics/insurance/cellphones/content.print/

Dornan, Andy. "There is No Information Superhighway�Talking on the phone while driving lead to death, jail, and multimillion-dollar lawsuits." Network Magazine March 00 64.

"Do We Need Laws Against Cell Phones?" Safety Council. http//www.safety-council.org/info/traffic/cell-laws.html

Hall. "Just How Dangerous Is a Cell Phone behind the Wheel?" BusinessWeek Online 6 May 000 http//www.businessweek.com/print/bwdaily/dnflash/may000/nf0056b.htm?db

Kelsey, Dick. "NY May Ban Yacking On Cell Phones While Driving. (Government Activity)" Newsbytes. May 001 NWSB011600D.

LaMar, Andrew. "Lawmaker to revive bill to ban hand-held cell phones while driving." Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service. Jan. 00 K16.

Mashaw, Jerry L. and David L. Harfst. The Struggle for Auto Safety. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press, 10.

Mercer, Tenisha. "Cellular Phones and Driving is This a Dangerous Mix?" http//www.womanmotorist.com/ftrs/tm-cell0phones-and-driving-k1-01.shtml

Ratish, Robert. "Wayne, N.J., Weighs Banning Use of Cell Phones while Driving." Knight Ridder/Tribune News Service. Feb. 00 ITEM00501.

Viquez, Frank. "E-11 mandate could hit telematics industry hard. (SPEAKOUT)" Electronic Engineering Times. 10 Feb. 00 57.

Please note that this sample paper on Cell-Phones is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Cell-Phones, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Cell-Phones will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Culture

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Culture. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Culture paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Culture, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Culture paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service!

Essay

Firstly clearly discuss how cultural factors will influence the development of children aged seven to fourteen years.

Secondly, present an argument why teachers need to be provided in their education with a sound understanding of the cultural backgrounds of the children with whom they intend to work.

IntroductionCheap University Papers on Culture

The adolescence stage is considered one of the most crucial periods in a persons life because it represents the transition from childhood to adulthood. It is the time when many important social, economic, biological and psychological events occur that pave the way to adult life.

Culture is a system of beliefs, values, languages, and behaviors, and human-made aspects of the physical environment, that varies from one group to another. These variations can have powerful effects on adolescent development. Moreover, the different components of culture often interact with one another. For example, cultural values and societal systems may impact individual adolescents development through the mediating effects of proximal social contexts such as family and peers. They also may moderate the association between social and environmental factors and adolescent outcomes. In the beginning of my essay, I summarize some findings concerning how cultural factors influence adolescents' development in the domains of their physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development.

Religious

According to Berk( 00), in late childhood and pre-adolescence concrete limitations continue. Children try to adjust themselves to a more realistic theology. It becomes clear, for example, that children begin to recognize the problem of God being everywhere and at one place at one particular time. To overcome this problem God must be conceived of as a spirit, not bound by physical limitations, but the childs natural concrete form of thinking makes this concept difficult for him to grasp.

Thirteen, on average, appears to be the decisive age for most children, when they move forward into more adult thinking about religion (Goldman, 165, pp. 1, 1). Goldman pointed out that about the age of thirteen marks a change in religious thinking as in other school subjects, when propositions, ideas, relationships, can be thought of in more abstract terms, making the language of religion decidedly easier to comprehend (Goldman, 165, p. 16).

A connection was found between parental religious participation and lower levels of child behavior problems and with higher levels of adolescent social responsibility.(Berk,00).

Gender

Expectations about attributes and behaviours appropriate to women or men and about the relations between women and men in other words, gender are shaped by culture. Gender identities and gender relations are critical aspects of culture because they shape the way daily life is lived in the family, but also in the wider community and the workplace.

In most societies there are clear patterns of womens work and mens work, both in the household and in the wider community. Women are free of the requirement to be in the labour force . They are typically expected to take on a major part of caring for children and household chores. That why Adolescent girls are expected to be submissive and obedient at home. Moreover, boys are given more freedom than girls and they are not expected to help in the household chores.

Education

Education is an important value in our cultures. And being well-educated is a good thing, not cause for embarrassment.

As an adolescent from a Chinese family, he or she is made more aware of the importance of bringing honour to the family by behaving in a socially accepted manner, and of helping the family achieve security and prosperity. Above of all, parents have high expectations for their children to achieve academically so that they can be successful in later life. Parents usually hope that their children will become professionals with high incomes and social status; children regard high academic achievement as one of the sacrifices of parents in providing for their education. In traditional families, education is seen as a way out of the hard work and poverty whence spring the parents, or as a means of providing better lives for their children. I've all heard stories of parents sacrificing everything to send their children to the best schools from my grandparents.

Consequently, children felt the pressure to perform well in order to give their families 'good name', and usually felt worthless or rebellious when they failed to bring honour to their families.

In our culture, parents always want them to have the best of both approaches to education, but not so much in terms of content as attitude content as attitude. We even have a lot of " kiasu" parents who spend so much to let the child to get in top schools. They even try to buy homes in the area which near their ideal school. They did not consider their child,'s abilities. According to Piaget (xxx), the children thought processes like perception, attention, memory, categorization of information, planning, problem solving are different at all ages on different children( Berk,00,pp.15-5). Pushing the children too hard will affect their emotional development.

Interactive within the families

Cultures that are more socially complex and those that are industrialized tend to perceive parents as less warm and accepting, or even rejecting, as compared to more traditional cultures(xxxx ). Parents spend more time out of their homes working will have less interaction with their children. Parents therefore may not expend as much care and affection on children. The conflicts between parents and the adolescent may occurs.

In our traditional culture, communication between parents and adolescent about sex is difficult. Parents and children often are embarrassed to talk about sex and avoid the topic.It is our traditional culture that not to discuss openly . As a result , adolescent get the information source from the media or net. Adolescent pregnancy may occur and is one of our society problems.

Filial piety in Asian culture

Asian families call for respect for older people and filial piety for parents. It is a concept in Chinese culture about paying back your parents for what they did for you.

They bore you, fed you, and all that. So there is a sense of giving back to your parents for what they gave you all that time, and its called filial piety, which is being pious toward your parents. I think a lot of second generation adolescents are having a real hard time with what filial piety means when their parents telling them to go this way and they see in their own selves they need to go this way. So, how do our adolescents still have filial piety?

In Asian culture, being pious towards your parents is a given, something you have to deal with. It is actually more Confucian than Buddhist, but nevertheless, it is a very basic concept. So, second-generation Asian youths, particularly, and even third generation have this incredible conflict where there is this purpose and goal that is built in so basic that it is the basis of their success. The very success of all these youths is based on this incredible, Freud would call, superego, which is the structure of the society around you that is put back into you by your society that becomes the basis of your personality on an unconscious level( Kalat,00, pp.xxx)

As I am from a topical Chinese family, I strongly believe that the closer you can be with your parents over a lifetime and the more you can resolve the conflicts you have with your parents, the greater the degree of honesty in yourself. Because all of those aspects of yourself that you dont see are mostly from your parents. Many of them are things you are resisting or fighting against when you were younger but have been hidden from you unconsciously, and so by being with your parents, they are brought out consciously.

Language

In our society, English culture is just as rich as the Chinese culture, and just as life-enriching. Therefore, most parents feel it is not necessary and a waste of energy to concern their children with another ancient culture. As a Chinese, we have to know that it stems not only from the fact that we are Chinese and Mandarin is our mother tongue; it is also because the language is highly sophisticated and enriching. When the learning of a language attains certain level, its continued growth depends on the cultural dynamics. Our island state still lacks the profound cultural background of the British and American societies. The cultural cornerstone of the Chinese here is still largely what they have inherited from China.

In our new generation, their Chinese language is weak and is hard for them to have thorough appreciation of the Chinese culture. They will miss both boats in their cultural quest.

Importance of understanding children's culture

It is imperative that teachers practice respect for culturally different behavior. Instead of viewing behavior as right or wrong, it is best judged by how well it is suited to the demands of the educational environment (although schools must also assess how well they are meeting the needs of their culturally diverse populations). To better serve their charges, educational personnel need to develop an awareness of how cultural background affects the way one behaves, and conversely, how one perceives and judges the behaviors of those not like oneself.

When teachers are knowledgeable of and able to critically examine differences in

culturally based behavior, they can be more confident that all children are being treated

fairly and respectfully.

When teachers are unfamiliar with the values, beliefs, and behaviors of their culturally different students, there exists a strong possibility that the practices they employ will be inappropriate for those youngsters (McIntyre, 1 ).

Everyday teachers are faced with differentiating between negative parenting practices and positive cultural practices. We are defining culture as " the values, beliefs and traditions of a particular group a set of rules that, to varying degrees, guide the behavior of individuals who are members of that group, whether that group is defined in terms of national origin, racial experience, linguistic experience, religious background, socioeconomic status"( Chang, Muckelroy, & Pulido-Tobiassen 16).

Although cultural differences demand more attention today, teachers have little training in diversity. According to a study done by Chang, Muckelroy, and Pulido-Tobiassen (16), teachers have neither the skills nor the knowledge to effectively address issues of races, language, and culture. Todays teachers are expected not only to teach a more diverse student body than ever before, but also to help all children reach high achievement standards. With stronger accountability imposed at federal, state, and local levels, teachers are faced with a proliferation of responsibilities in three major areas of diversity students who are culturally and linguistically diverse; students who are at risk of failure to meet new and challenging standards; and students who have special needs.

In this case, everyone in the teaching field must receive addition diversity training so that understanding of the cultural backgrounds of the children with whom they intend to work will be better.

Conclusion

References

Berk, L. E. (00). Infant, Children, and Adolescents, (4th ed.). Boston Allyn & Baccon.

Kalat, James W.( 00). Introduction to psychology, ( 6th ed.). United Stated of America Wadsworth-Thomson Learning.

Chang, H.N.L., A. Muckelroy, & D. Pulido-Tobiassen. 16. Looking in, looking out Redefining child and early education in a diverse society. San Francisco California Tomorrow.

Goldman, R. (164). Religious thinking from childhood to adolescence. London Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Tom McIntye (16). Education and Treatment of Children, volume 1,

issue , pages 54-70.

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Functionalist view of society.

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"The functionalist view that society is integrated by shared norms and values is useful in explaining the nature and extent of deviance". Assess sociological evidence and arguments for and against this view.

The functionalist theories of crime aim to look at the society as a whole. They look for the sources of deviance in the nature of society, rather than the psychological or biological nature of the individual. It is argued by functionalist that deviance is a necessary part of all societies. This is mainly because they see it as performing a positive function for social systems, despite the fact that it means breaking societies norms and values. Functionalists also agree that social control mechanisms are necessarily used in order to keep social control. However, functionalists also show deviance to have its positive functions as it aids to the maintenance and the well being of society.

In 'The Rules of Sociological Method' Durkheim argues that crime is an inevitable and normal aspect of social life. Crime and deviance is shown to be in all types of society and especially in advanced or industrialised areas as they provide more opportunities for crime. Durkheim also states that crime is 'an integral part of all healthy societies'. Crime is also shown to be inevitable as not every member of society can be equally committed to the collective of society. Durkheim had argued that a limited amount of crime is beneficial and that society would not exist without it. However, he was also clear to point out that too much crime is also dysfunctional and can lead to social disintegration.

Custom Essays on Functionalist view of society.

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Interpreting Tourist Experiences

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Interpretation is a way of making the tourist experience more memorable,

more meaningful and more satisfying. Do you agree?

Argue your case by using the field trip as a case-study.

Interpretation in tourism is very important in the tourist experience for "mass tourism has accentuated many of the negative aspects in tourism." It is here interpretation is important for "many of the negative environmental consequences of tourism can be mitigated by effective planning and regulation" Interpretation comes about by learning and gaining information before traveling and while traveling. It is through the learning techniques of written material, travel promotions/brochures, educational centers, visitor services/centers, written material, signage, tour guides, etc., that interpretation can take place. Minnamurra Rainforest is an example of how interpretation can be demonstrated to make the tourist experience more meaningful and satisfying in the way it displays its unique environment to tourists.Write my Essay on Interpreting Tourist Experiences cheap

Interpretation is the "educational process undertaken with the intent of developing (or enhancing) an individuals understanding of aspects of an areas cultural, natural or built environments. This process will commonly be facilitated by guides and/or on site signage" As Staiff informs, interpretation can exist on levels, all happening simultaneously. The first level is the information level. The questions such as what? who? when?, etc. are asked. The second level is the analysis level where the motives are questioned i.e. function? narrative? why? what is the story? gaining an explanation of the types of stories... scientific, cultural, etc. The final level is the significant level. Here the explanations are the emotional, psychological, socio-cultural, historical, the conservation and preservation issues and scientific significance of the subject the object/site/place is seen from the wider view. It is from these levels that interpretation is a way of making the tourist experience more memorable, more meaningful and more satisfying.

As a tourist, traveling is "...broadening ones outlook, educational benefits, and social and even spiritual benefits..." that needs interpretation to make the tourist (culture) experience more memorable and more meaningful; in that they can understand what they are learning therefore they will remember, and more satisfying in that they can grow in the knowledge. This can be seen at Minnamurra Rainforest, where a visitors center has been established, providing a link between the rainforest "and the visitor through targeted information, education and interpretive programs. These services encourage appreciation, and advance understanding of the plants and plant communities...." The center is ideally located for entry is needed before exploring the rainforest on the boardwalk. The centre provides many programs "to stimulate interest and awareness" visual and orally, in preparation of exploring the rainforest making the tourist experience more memorable and satisfying.

Interpretation is "making meaning of our experiences" . "Information, education and interpretation are all examples of indirect management strategies. Rather than dictating to the public what they may and may not do, these strategies help managers to change visitor attitudes and/or explain the need for certain regulations." This interpretation technique of indirect management strategies can be seen at the Minnamurra Rainforest Visitors centre. An educational video is available for the public to see, demonstrating the aims of the environmental education and interpretation management of natural environments according to Sharpe as; "assisting the visitor in developing an awareness, appreciation and understanding of the area they are visiting in order to make the visit an enjoyable experience; to accomplish management goals through the thoughtful use of the recreation resource on the part of the visitor; and to promote a public understanding of the management agency and its policy." This ultimately making the tourist experience more meaningful, and creating tourist satisfaction.

In tourism "we have to satisfy the tourist or no business or destination will be sustainable." Conversely, from the point of view of the physical environment, what satisfies the tourism market is often against the interests of sustainable tourism. Satisfaction in this area comes from visiting places other tourists do not go to see rare wildlife. This leads the tourist into fragile environments where they do harm, unintentionally. The Minnamurra Rainforest Reserve is an example of the effect of the social carry capacity reaching its limit of tourists damaging the ecosystem. It is through "educating the public by way of an enjoyable interpretive program within our protected environments that has mutual benefits for both the environment and management."

Interpretation has been identified as "a core strategy for achieving conservation of the natural and cultural resources" which can be seen of places of natural and appealing beauty to that of The Minnamurra Rainforest Reserve. It is also a major component of all other conservation strategies, including The Minnamurra Rainforest Reserve as well as to worldwide conservation issues.

Interpretation is a way of making the tourist experience more memorable and meaningful when investigating the "example concerning the role of special events in interpretation." As Staiff suggests, interpretation is "learning about the destinations cultures, lifestyle, places." Having interpretation at festivals, special and culturally events is crucial for tourist to understand the culture being presented, making their experience more meaningful and more satisfying. As Staiff explains interpretation is affected in two ways. By the cultural perceptions and the educational levels of the traveller and the quest for knowledge and the love of stories or narratives. Dewar concludes that events "are valuable interpretation devices, but they must be creative, and offer the visitor different experience." This also is explored in Wearing findings that "effective interpretation should not only educate but entertain and stimulate" , revealing that interpretation is a way of making the tourist experience more memorable, more meaningful and more satisfying

Please note that this sample paper on Interpreting Tourist Experiences is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Interpreting Tourist Experiences, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Interpreting Tourist Experiences will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Psychology - Conflict

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Introduction

Conflict is the clash of activities, feelings or intentions occurring together, expressed through a range of either verbal denigration to that of physical violence to a person or property. Morton (17) defines it as existing "when incompatible activities occur", resulting in making the second activity "less likely or effective".

Literature Review

Early psychologists argued that conflict is caused by an innate instinctual or biological mechanism, which would predispose humans towards aggression. This gave way to more sophisticated and scientific hypotheses over time. One important development was the Frustration-Aggression theory.Order custom research paper on Psychology - Conflict

Frustration-Aggression theory (F-A theory)

In 1, Dollard, Doob, Miller, Mowrer, and Sears published a monograph on aggression in which they presented what has come to be known as the frustration-aggression hypothesis (F-A). Dollard et al. posited that the occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration and, contrariwise, that the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression. Frustration, in this context, was specified as the thwarting of a goal response, and a goal response, in turn, was taken to mean the reinforcing final operation in an ongoing behavior sequence. At times, however, the term frustration is used to refer not only to the process of blocking a persons attainment of a reinforcer but also to the reaction to such blocking. Consequently, being frustrated means both that ones access to reinforcers is being thwarted by another party (or possibly by particular circumstances) and that ones reaction to this thwarting is one of annoyance.

Dollards hypotheses use Freuds ideas about his psycho-dynamic explanations, which indicate that humans are born with an instinct drive to aggress and destroy and this aggressive energy must be released. Aggression was meant to protect and is aimed outwards but it can also be released through activities like competition.

The questions that this theory raise are does all frustration lead automatically to aggression, and can all aggression and conflict be traced to some catalytic frustration? These questions, as well as the challenge of insufficiency of causal link to aggression, and other insights into human behaviour have lead to the discrediting of the Frustration-Aggression theory and the subsequent development of the Social Learning theory.

A revised version of the F-A theory, the Aggression Cue theory (Berkowitz, 158) emphasized frustration or attack as "important antecedents of aggression, and the presence of aggressive cues for the elicitation of aggression". He believed that both the innate and external factors (Learning theory) play a big role whether aggression occurs or not. If aggression is shown as a result of frustration also depends on many factors, like how close we are to reaching our goal and whether the frustration is a long-term or a short-term one and the number and intensity of frustrations that occur together.

Classical Conditioning takes place when an unconditional and conditional stimulus are paired together the individual may learn to respond to the conditional stimulus when it is presented alone; Berkowitz thought that something (e.g. weapon) can become associated with aggression and may act as a cue, so it triggers an aggressive response.

Implications of F-A theories

Young Singaporean teenagers, at the age of 1, faced with changes, challenges and increased responsibilities, a heavier curriculum plus CCAs may experience a 'block' in their pursuit to attain these goals, which will lead to a dis-equilibrium and thus causing them to display aggressive behaviours.

When teenagers are inexperienced in dealing with unattainable needs and goals, they find that the easiest way to get rid of the frustration is to act violently against others who they blame for their bad situation (extrinsic drive, scapegoat device). Thus schools are left with the responsibility of dealing with a teenager's frustration, which ultimately and commonly, turns into aggression.

Perceptual Control Theory (PCT)

In the early 150s, William T. Powers made the brilliant observation that people behave to deliberately control many, but not all, of their own perceptions of the world. A person who acts on the world to control his or her own perceptions must affect parts of the world. As observers, we can see some of the environmental variables that the person controls. From our vantage point outside the other person, we see events and relationships and processes that would ordinarily vary, but that are controlled by the person, which is to say the person keeps those events and relationships and processes at some predetermined state or condition.

To explain how people control their perceptions, Powers developed control system theory (CST), which was the early name for what is now called perceptual control theory. The new name was adopted early in the 10s, to distinguish Powers theory from the many fallacious ideas that some people had come to call control theory. Powers said that people specify part of what they perceive happening in the world by comparing what they actually perceive against what they intend to perceive. If there is no discrepancy or difference (called perceptual error) between actual and intended perceptions, the person does not act to change the world; but if there is a discrepancy, the person acts to eliminate the error. People behave to eliminate, or prevent, differences between actual and intended perceptions. People behave to cancel out the effects of anything in the environment that disturbs the perceptions they are trying to control.

Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) explains a simple fact People act to control some of their own perceptions. They specify part of what they will perceive, then they act to make those perceptions happen. People also keep their specified perceptions from changing, by acting to oppose and cancel the effects of many things in the world that might disturb them and make them change. PCT helps us to understand what happens when one persons actions disturb another persons controlled perceptions. (Thomas W. Bourbon, 17)

Implications of PCT

PCT highlights that what is perceived may not be the problem, and the solutions that we as teachers come up with may not be effective because we are trying to change behaviour. For example, trying to control students by giving them rewards or punishment does not teach them how to think. Instead, the root of the problem must be tackled and students have to learn to think their way out of conflict, just as they have to learn how to think when they have problems with Mathematics or Science. In one of the strategies highlighted in the next section, students are given the responsibility for their choice of action(s), allowing teachers to move away from the traditional method of canning and chiding a student who has displayed unacceptable behaviour.

Strategies

Conflict Resolution

Teaching youth how to manage conflict in a productive way can help reduce incidents of violent behaviour. Conflict resolution education is a beneficial component of a comprehensive violence prevention and intervention program in schools and communities. It encompasses problem solving in which the parties in dispute express their points of view, voice their interests, and find mutually acceptable solutions. Conflict resolution education programs help the parties recognize that while conflict happens all the time, people can learn new skills to deal with conflict in non-violent ways. The programs that appear to be most effective are comprehensive and involve multiple components such as the problem-solving processes and principles of conflict resolution, the basics of effective communication and listening, critical and creative thinking, and an emphasis on personal responsibility and self-discipline.

Two common strategies for approaching conflict resolution can be identified (1) Peer Mediation and () Peaceable Classrooms. In both approaches, conflict resolution education is viewed as giving youth non-violent tools to deal with daily conflicts that can lead to self-destructive and violent behaviours. It is up to the school to decide how conflict resolution education will be integrated into its overall educational environment. The expectation is that when youth learn to recognize and constructively address what takes place before conflict or differences lead to violence, the incidence and intensity of that situation will diminish.

Peer Mediation Approach

Specially trained student mediators work with their peers to resolve conflicts. Mediation programs reduce the use of traditional disciplinary actions such as suspension, detention, and expulsion; encourage effective problem solving; decrease the need for teacher involvement in student conflicts; and improve school climate. By the end of the school year, schools reported less than 10 fights, a major decrease from their usual figures.

Peaceable Classroom Approach

The Peaceable Classroom approach integrates conflict resolution into the curriculum and daily management of the classroom. It uses the instructional methods of cooperative learning and "academic controversy". The programme shows teachers how to integrate conflict resolution into the curriculum, classroom management, and discipline practices. It emphasizes opportunities to practice cooperation, appreciation of diversity, and caring and effective communication. Generally, peaceable classrooms are initiated on a teacher-by-teacher basis into the classroom setting and are the building blocks of the peaceable school.

Studies on the effectiveness of the Teaching Students To Be Peacemakers program, a Peaceable Classroom approach to conflict resolution, show that discipline problems requiring teacher management decreased by approximately 80 percent and referrals to the principal were reduced to zero.

Responsible Thinking Process (RTP)

The RTP, based on the PCT, is a unique discipline process, which is both non-manipulative and non-punitive. It creates mutual respect by teaching students how to think through what they are doing in relation to the rules of wherever they are. This gives students personal accountability for their actions. The key component of this process is its focus on how students can achieve their goals without getting in the way of others who are trying to do the same thing.

When a disruption occurs in the classroom, the teacher will ask the student "What are you doing?" The student will then make a choice whether to follow the rule (which is to pay attention and not to make noise) or to go to the RTC (Responsible Thinking Class), where the student will receive counselling from a professional employee of the school. A student is given one chance only. By the second disruption, the student will be told "You have chosen to go to the RTC" and it is only under special circumstances that a maximum of chances should be given. The teacher will fill in a referral form and the student will proceed to RTC. Student movement will be checked. When a student chooses to disrupt in the RTC, he or she will be asked to leave the school, accompanied by a parent or guardian. Otherwise, the student will be asked to sit outside the office until the parent or guardian can bring the student home.

Implications for Singapore schools

The Reflective Thinking Programme (RTP) seeks to develop the student's ability to reflect upon their past actions rationally and objectively and thus manage their anger and frustration more effectively. It promotes sense of ownership by making students take responsibility of their misbehaviour, thus acting as deterrence to the better students and would undoubtedly help students who actually engage in reflective thinking to improve their anger management However, bearing in mind that most of the ill-disciplined students are recalcitrant and defiant and made of up of the NT students, the RTP may not have served its purpose well.

One of the advantages is that the RTP seems to work for the teachers teaching in the classes with poorer discipline as it removes the disturbing element/s from the class enabling the teacher to go on conducting the lesson undisrupted.

While the RTP relieves the teacher from spending precious lesson time disciplining them, the recalcitrant students sent to the RTP do not seem to benefit much from the scheme.

Firstly, the students sent are not interested in learning and thus the RTP serves as an escape for them from the class. They are more than happy to spend their time in the air-conditioned room for the whole lesson period. It has then become an incentive for them to misbehave in class and be sent to RTP.

Secondly, the recalcitrant students do not actually reflect much about their actions or behaviour that caused them to be sent out of class nor do they seek to improve their behaviour. While most adults are possessed with the ability to reflect upon past actions and learn from the past experiences, we cannot expect the students of that age to be able to do so.

The counselor is also unable to follow up on them too due to time constraint and lack of contact and proximity unlike teachers. Yet teachers themselves are forever short of time, and in the end, RTP only serves as a method that escalates bad conduct because students are not afraid of being punished in the end. They do not feel the pain and thus their behaviour or conduct does not change.

Students are expected to plan their solutions before they are allowed back to school or into the classroom, which could be with the help of teachers, parents or counsellors. Only after the school or the teacher whose class the student has disrupted, accepts the plan, then the student be allowed into the school or classroom.

Conclusion

The effective conflict resolution education programs highlighted above have helped to improve the climate in school and community by reducing the number of juvenile acts in these settings; by decreasing the number of chronic school absences, the number of disciplinary referrals and suspensions; by increasing academic instruction during the school day; and by increasing the self-esteem and self-respect, as well as the personal responsibility and self-discipline of the young people involved in these programs.

Young people cannot be expected to promote and encourage the peaceful resolution of conflicts if they do not see conflict resolution principles and strategies being modelled by adults in all areas of their lives, such as in business, sports, entertainment, and personal relationships. Adults play a part in making the environment more peaceful by practicing non-violent conflict resolution when minor or major disputes arise in their daily lives.

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