Montage of a Dream Deferred

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James Mercer Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 10, in Joplin Missouri to Carrie Mercer Langston Hughes and James Nathaniel Hughes. Shortly after he was born his parents separated. Hughes lived his entire childhood with his mother, maternal grandmother, and family friends. His father moved from the U.S to various other places where he finally settled down in Mexico as a lawyer and businessman. Despite this fact, Hughes grew up in dire poverty. While Hughes was in his early teens, his mother attended college for a year, but was unable to continue attending because she was unable to find a job that could help pay for her schooling. She moved from city to city trying to find work while Hughes stayed with his grandmother. After her death in 114 Hughes lived with her friends the Reeds, where for the first time he had enough to eat.

Hughes then went to Lincoln, Illinois, to live with his mother. There he started writing poetry after he was elected class poet by his graduating grammar school class. His family later moved to Cleveland, Ohio where he attended the Central High School. While there he also published various poems in the school magazine. There he was introduced to poems written by poets such as Dunbar, Longfellow, Sandburg, etc. In the summer of 11, Hughes visited his father in Mexico. This was a summer that Hughes would never forget because he was that close to committing suicide. In addition he wrote "When Sue Wears Red." Later that summer he graduated from high school where he wrote "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," which was later published in the Crisis. This was also a year in which his father relented but agreed to send him to Columbia University rather than Europe. Hughes dropped out of Columbia University after only one year. Prior to Hughes dropping out, the breach between him and his father became final. From that moment, they never saw each other again. Hughes later moved to live in Harlem between the years of 1-1. This was a period of black upliftment and also the Harlem Renaissance. This is when he got his first public reading of "The Weary Blues." Around December of 15 he won poetry prizes from The Crisis and Opportunity. There he began writing poetry in the fom of blues and spirituals. While working as a busboy at Wardman Park Hotel, he paced three poems at poet Vachel Lindsay's dinning table. Lindsay then announced that he had discovered a new poet. The following day Hughes was given nation wide publicity. In Feburary of 16, he entered Lincoln University where he published various poems. In June of 1 he graduated from Lincoln University. Hughes went on to publish various poems while receiving monetary awards. In May of 1 he received a telegram inviting him to partake with other blacks on a movie making trip to the Soviet Union. Hughes toured the Soviet alone for six months. During this time he was inspired by reading D.H. Lawrence's short stories in which he wrote his own short stories and sent them to NewYork for publication. He then went on to publish a collection of his stories in14. During this time he joined radical protest movements on the west Coast. Later that year when Hughes was years of age he got a telegraph announcing his fathers death. Hughes immediately left for Mexico for the reading of the will. Hughes's father left his entire estate to three Spanish Catholic spinsters. Langston was never mentioned in his will. Hughes remember his father as a man whose only interest was making money. In particular he despised blacks, Mexicans, and Indians, all of whom he considered ignorant, backward, lazy, and dishonest. In Onwuchekwa Jemie's Langston Hughes he quotes the book "The Big Sea" (pp. -41,4) which says

My father hated Negroes. I think he hated himself, too, for being a Negro.

He disliked all of his family because they were Negroes and remained in

the United States, where none of them had a chance to be much of anything but servants…. My father had a great contempt for all poor people. He thought it was their own fault that they were poor.

He later returned to Cleveland with his mother where he spent atleast one year. He then moved to Spain where he spent six months covering the Baltimore Afro-American. By 18, he returned to NewYork where he founded various theatres and published various plays for Hollywood films.

Although Hughes is known for the various plays that he published, he is mostly known for his poetic literature. When Langston writes poetry, he plans to record and interpret the loves of common black folks. When Langston went to New york to live this was the period of the black upliftment and various political and economic struggle. In his writing he tries to capture those struggles that he and others around him has been through or was going through. When writing poetry, Hughes paid very little attention to anything that didn't have an impact on the black race. In addition to this being a period for black upliftment, this was also a period of the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance was a time where African Americans really showed their work by either publishing or reading it orally. During this time their were various forms of music that was also developing one of which was Jazz. Jazz is a form of music which expressions come the use of instruments. This form of music was used to express one's self through the use of instruments. Because of the genesis of Jazz during this time, part of Hughes's poetry tend to revolve around it. To Hughes the term Jazz is understood to mean black music. Jazz being what it is, the jazz poem attempts to capture the instrumental vigor that it has. When Hughes writes his poetry using Jazz rhythms these poems tend to be written in the language of the common people. Jazz poems tries to capture the essence of jazz itself and the message that the singers are relaying. Most of the poems strength is in its rhythmic energy which is the same rhythmic energy captured in jazz itself. Some of hughes's jazz poems includes "Death in Harlem", and "Montage of a Dream Deferred."

"Death in Harlem" is a very realistic poem that deals with and gives an analysis of Harlem nightlife. This poem builds on a jazz narrative on the structure of a black epic. The setting is Dixie's, a Harlem basement nightclub. This poem talks about a Texas kid who has a thick bill roll in his hands. This lady named Arabella Johnson has her hands on him and their enjoying the night together. They start to drink and dance and just simply enjoying themselves. She then goes to the ladies room and to her surprise when she comes back some other good-time woman is dancing with him. She got so angry because she felt as if this other woman had shown her great disrespect. She then takes out her pistol and shoots the woman. The police then comes and arrests Arabella and she is taken to jail. The Texan Kid then picks up another woman and goes to bed with her. In this poem Dixie's nightclub symbolizes a den of death. Dixie is someone who wants money and doesn't care how they make it. It could be sex money blood money, any money. In this nightclub both whites and blacks poor and rich merge. Down South in Dixie the white woman played on the fact that any rumor of sex or rape of a white woman by a black man meant instant death for the black man. During this time the white women were very infatuated by the black man. If the black man gave in to such infatuation this usually was done in secret. If news of this involvement was to be known the women quickly called it rape. Death in this sense was almost inevitable as the moment of life. This poem relates to situations that is very common to life as we know it today. When a man has a woman she isn't seen as anyone special, if she goes from him for whatever reason, the next girl that she picks up is just as good as she was.

Montage of a Dream Deferred was written in 151.

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Teamwork for the 21st Century

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In 1st century, many organizations are tend to be decentralized, team and teamwork are become popular terms in management circles, in today¡¯s environment, teams promise to be a cornerstone of progressive management for the foreseeable future. A lot of cases show that more and more organization trying to narrow job titles and encourage employees working together to become a effective and efficiently team. According to management expert Peter Drucker, tomorrow¡¯s organizations will be flatter, information based, and organized around teams. (Kreitner & Kinicki, 001)

According to Katzenbach & Smith (1, p.14), a work group become a team when

1. Leadership becomes a shared activity.

. Accountability shifts from strictly individual to both individual and collective.Cheap custom writing service can write essays on Teamwork for the 21st Century

. The group develops its own purpose or mission

4. Problem solving becomes a way of life, not a part-time activity

5. Effectiveness is measured by the group¡¯s collective outcomes and products

A group of people working together become a team is required team member have sufficient knowledge, experience, ability to contribute in a team, leadership, top-management support, interpersonal communication skills, and so on. Katzenbach & Smith also stat ¡° the essence of a team is common commitment. Without it, groups perform as individuals; with it, they become a powerful unit of collective performance.

4 types of Work teams

There are including (1) advice, () production, () project and (4) action. Each types of work teams depends on their tasks, for example action work team, such as football team, high specialization is combine with high coordination, include player, backup, coach, physicians, and managers. But these four ways of work teams can changed, not static, depends on the tasks, for example, football player also can be the advice team when they discuss the strategy for next matches with their coacher.

Work team effectiveness

To evaluate the work team effectiveness, two most important factors is the team performance which include the team output meets users¡¯ expectation and viability which include team members are satisfied the experience working together and willing to continue contributing to team effort. Also, effective teams have similar characteristics those include clear purpose, informality, participation, listening and so on.

The three most important factors can cause whether teamwork effective or not are cooperation, trust and cohesiveness. Team members are required to cooperate with other team members rather than compete them, according to Kohn, ¡°success often depends on sharing resources efficiently, and this is nearly impossible when people have to work against one another¡­ competition makes people suspicious and hostile toward one another and actively discourage this process.¡± (18, pp.7-8) Trust is between both teammates and the top-management, trust can be create by communication, support, respect, fairness, predictability and competence. Cohesiveness includes members¡¯ socio-emotional and instrumental cohesiveness. Socio-emotional cohesiveness is individuals derive emotional satisfaction from group participation, and instrumental cohesiveness is when members think them should working because they believe they could not achieve the group¡¯s goal by acting separately. An effective team should balance the socio-emotional and instrumental cohesiveness.

Virtual team

Today technology allows peoples being a member of work team by using Internet, email, video and audio equipment to working together, whether you from different locations, different organization even different time zone. Virtual teams are base on tasks, the benefits of virtual team is include flexible, timing saving for travel, and so on, but some argue is virtual team member lack face-to-face communication, this can cause reduce the team effectiveness because both members are lack trust communication and accountability with others. Virtual team can not replace the tradition factors that includes top-management support, effective leadership, and well designed time schedules.

Self-managed teams

Self-managed teams should be prepared to undergo revolutionary changes in management philosophy, structure, staffing and training practices and reward systems. Still have many managers strongly resist giving up the reins of power to people they view as subordinates, they see self-managed teams as a threat to their job security, therefore, self-managed teams need top-management support those include sufficient funds, autonomy, directly report to senior management. Employees in self-managed teams tend to act as their supervisor, such as planning, scheduling, monitoring and staffing. An effective self-managed teams can increase productivity, have good attitude, while training cost for self-managed teams can be very expensive.

Team building

For greater cooperation, better communication, and less dysfunctional conflict, team building include interpersonal trust exercises, conflict-handing role-play sessions and interactive games. And according to Wheelan, Murphy, Tsumura and Kline, the following eight attributes of high performance teams include

1. Participative leadership. Creating interdependency by empowering, freeing up, and serving other.

. Shared responsibility. Establishing an environment in which all team members feel as responsible as the manager for the performance of the work unit.

. Aligned on purpose.

4. High degree of communication.

5. Future focused. Seeing change as an opportunity for growth.

6. Focused on task. Keeping meeting focus on results.

7. Creative talents. Applying individual talent and creativity.

8. Rapid response. Identifying and acting on opportunity.

Anonymous, 000, Clues for helping communicate corporate culture to employees, Business First, American City Business Journals Inc, available online http//louisville.bcentral.com/louisville/stories/000/10/0/focus.html

Dodgson, P, G & Wood, J, V, 18, ¡° Self-esteem and the Cognitive Accessibility of Strenghts and Weakness after Failure,¡± Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, July 18, pp 178-7

Edwards, O, ¡°Inflammation High-Way,¡± Forbes, February 6, p. 10

Jaasma, M, A, & Koper, R, J, 1, ¡°The Relationship of Student-Faculty Out-of-Class Communication to Instructor Immediacy and Trust and to student Motivation,¡± Communication Education, January 1, pp.41-47

Kreitner, R & Kinicki, A, (001), Organizational Behavior, 5th ed. Irwin McGraw-Hill, Singapore pp.106, 10

Katzenbach, J, R & Smith, D, K, The Wisdom Of Teams Creating the High-Performance Organization (New York HarperBusiness, 1). P. 14

Kohn, A, ¡°How to Succeed without Even Vying,¡± Psychology Today, Sep. 16, pp.7-8

Mcfarlin, D, (001), The Leading Edge Corporate culture can drive, hinder success, Dayton Business Journal, February 5, 001 available online http//www.dayton.bcentral.com/dayton/stories/001/0/05/smallb.html

Schlenker, B, R, Weigold, M, F & Hallam, J, R, (10), ¡°Self-Serving Attributions in Social Context Effects of Self-Esteem and Social Pressure,¡± Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, May 10, pp 855-6

Stein, J, A, Newcomb, M, D & Bentler, P, M, 10, ¡°The Relative Influence on Vocational Behavior and Family Involvement on Self-Esteem¡± Longitudinal Analysis of Young Adult Woman and Man,¡± Journal of Vocational Behavior, June 10, pp.0-8

Raudsepp, E, (185), ¡°Are You Properly Assertive?¡± Supervision, June 1, pp17-18,

Wheelan, S, A, Murphy, D, Tsumura, E, & Kline, S, F, ¡°Member Perceptions of Internal Group Dynamic & Productivity,¡± Small Group Research, June, 18, pp.71-

V Gecas, ¡°The self-concept,¡± Annual Review of Sociology, eds R H Turner and J F Short, Jr (Palo Alto, CA Annual Reviews Inc., 18), vol.8 p .

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Daedalus

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Daedalus. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Daedalus paper right on time.

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This introductory essay calls for a group effort between religious organizations and society as a whole to improve, protect, and preserve our environment. The suggestion is to "creatively rethink human-Earth relations and activate informed environmental concern from the varied perspectives of the world's religions" ().

The environmental crisis is a global and local problem. Resource depletion, species extinction, pollution, climate change, and overconsumption are significantly and quickly destroying our environment however, no comprehensive solutions have been reached. Changes in such magnitude have been compared to changes in major geological eras such as the Jurassic period.

Although we, collectively as a society, are responsible for this mass destruction we are still capable of turning this around. We are at a critical crossroads, where new boundaries can be formed between continuing with our course of destruction and "reconfiguring the relation of economy and ecology for a sustainable future" (7). On a positive note, the reevaluation of these boundaries has been set in motion by many facets of our society (governmental and nongovernmental organizations, businesses). These groups are forming new ideas on alternative energy sources, environmental technical designs, sustainable fishing and agriculture initiative, and environmental education programs.

Although the participation of science in the implementation of plans to reverse the environmental crisis is great, a call for increased involvement from more religious institutions is necessary. Crimes against creation and the environment should be recognized as crimes against both science and religion. The universe, as well as the environment, should be treated with awe and reverence as many scientists do (10).

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While the responses of religion to the global environmental crisis were slow to start, a solid increase has occurred over the last twenty-five years. All over the globe conferences have been held to discuss different issues pertaining to the global society. Religious groups have contributed to the drafting of the Earth Charter and many religious leaders have spoken out about the protection of the environment. I believe that the actions of the Church are a great encouragement to other organizations involved in improving the environment, however, I feel that we need to apply these writings, conferences, and meetings into action to really create a change in the environment. I believe that the first step in implementing these writings is through the Forum on Religion and Ecology. This Forum, besides holding conferences, distributes resources for college students, holds workshops for teachers, and supports a journal on religion and ecology (1).

The study of religion and ecology can be identified by three methodologies retrieval, reevaluation, and reconstruction. Retrieval involves searching religious text and other sources to clarify traditional religious teachings regarding human-Earth relationships. Reevaluation requires the traditional teaching to be explored in order to find the relevance in contemporary circumstances. Reconstruction suggests ways that religious traditions might adapt their teachings to current circumstances in new and creative ways (16-17).

Although there is diversity between the religions, a common goal joins them on a broad basis of many historical, cultural, dialogical, ecological, and cosmological diversity levels. Even though it is not mentioned in this essay, I have always come to believe that science and religion have always had its differences. I would wonder if the differences between the two institutions has hindered influence in the religious community such as it did on Darwin's theories of evolution and presently on cloning. Scientists have always held a more biological/chemical (scientific), systematic research orientation of the understanding of life while theologians have based their beliefs on the Bible.

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Merger Transition Plan

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Introduction

As more work becomes knowledge based requiring highly skilled workers, and as individuals understand that poor motivation is a lack of skilled leadership not a lack of desire within people, the command and control approach becomes obsolete (Jackson and Humble, 14). In this paper, we shall define the role of organization, the role of the manager, and the specific incentive elements of the motivation plan to help leaders to motivate their followers.

The Role of Organization

Organizational structure defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated. In addition, organizations everywhere are putting in place plans to satisfy customers and improve profitability (Jackson and Humble, 14). Until implemented, plans are just pieces of paper or ideas in peoples heads. Key to their implementation are the managers.Buy cheap Merger Transition Plan term paper

The Role of Manager

In the late 160s, a graduate student at MIT, Henry Mintzberg, undertook a careful study of five executives to determine what these managers did on their jobs. On the basis of his observations of these managers, Mintzberg concluded that managers perform 10 different, highly interrelated roles, or sets of behaviors attributable to their jobs (Robbins, 001). The roles of managers, according to Mintzberg, can be grouped into interpersonal relationship, the transfer of information, and decision making. In the interpersonal relationship category, managers act as a figureheads, leaders, and liaisons. In the transfer of information category, managers act as monitors, disseminators, and spokespersons. Finally, in the decision making category, managers act as entrepreneurs, disturbance handlers, resource allocators, and negotiators.

As more work becomes knowledge based requiring highly skilled workers, and as we understand that poor motivation is a lack of skilled leadership not a lack of desire within people, the command and control approach becomes obsolete. In this new organization, managers are more enablers, trainers, coaches--true leaders. They use their experience and skills to bring the best out of others (Jackson and Humble, 14). The change in managers roles are due to

1.the information technology revolution

.the absence of a hierarchically-based career path

.the need for greater creativity in organizations

4.the increasing focus on values

From the above, we can see that roles managers shift from giving command and control to motivators.

Motivation Theories

There has been a significant amount of time and energy put into the study of motivational theories. The basis for these studies have been to come up with some working theory that explains what motivates an individual, why, and how this motivation is reliant upon both external and internal factors of the environment in which the individual is immersed. Robbins (001) listed several theories on motivation. The ones mentioned are

1.Hierarchy of Needs Theory - This theory is based on Abraham Maslows hierarchy of five needs, physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.

.Theory X and Theory Y - This theory is based on Douglas McGregors two distinct views of human beings one basically negative, labeled Theory X, and the other basically positive, labeled Theory Y.

.Two-Factor Theory - This theory is based on Frederick Herzbergs belief on job satisfaction is based on hygiene factors and motivator factors.

4.McClellands Theory of Needs - This theory is based on David McClellands three major motives or needs, need for achievement, need for power, and need for affiliation, in the workplace.

5.Goal-Setting Theory - This theory states that intentions - expressed as goals - can be a major source of work motivation.

6.Reinforcement Theory - This theory uses behavioristic approach, which argues that behavior as environmentally caused; internal cognitive events are not matters for concern.

7.Equity Theory - This theory says that employees weigh what they put into a job situation against what they get from it and then compare their input-outcome ratio with the input-outcome ratio of relevant others.

8.Expectancy Theory - This theory says that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual.

The Motivation Plan

Managers in companies often try to improve performance by achieving the agreement or consensus of employees. Thus, managers and workers may work together to set mutually agreeable performance goals. Employee suggestions are actively sought and a positive work-group spirit, which will serve as a basis for enhanced motivation, is encouraged (Appelbaum, Glavas, and St-Pierre, 18). According to Thomas (1), employees are the foundation upon which you can build a thriving and vibrant business that will produce consistently high profits. You must invest in your employees-give them genuine and exciting growth opportunities, compensate them well, and care about them as people. You must make their work fun and meaningful. Proper motivation can make satisfied employees. As a manager, a motivator, of my organization and with the understanding of the different motivation theories mentioned above, lets work on a motivation plan.

This plan will utilize mainly the goal-setting theory and expectancy theory. The plan is as follow

1.Interview each employee in the team to gather what their motivators are, their expectation from the group, and areas for growth. This will allow employees to communicate to their superior their expectations. In addition, this shows the care from the managers to the employees.

.Set up individual goals for each employee, and team goals for the team.

.Set up competencies for each job classifications, that is the expected skill level for the job classifications. This is to set equal expectations on each job classification.

4.Set up training goals for each employee.

5.Communicate these goals and competencies to each employee through a one on one meeting. This include getting feedback and recommendations from the employees. Adding or subtracting individual goals may be possible. This is to get the buy in from each employee to the plan. This will help the managers to get the commitment from the employees on each goals and will have a higher chance of achieving them.

6.Communicate how their performance will be rated against these goals and competencies.

7.Communicate to each employee on what to expect if the goals are not met, met or exceeded. It could be a promotion, a salary raise, etc.

8.Perform a review session with each employee quarterly and rate his or her performance against the goals and competencies.

.Provide the promised rewards to the employees after the goals are met.

Conclusion

With the understanding of motivating the employees will lead to group satisfaction, and hence increase in productivity. This will benefit the organization in effectiveness of work. The motivation plan designed above will help motivating employees to fulfill their needs on achievement, power, and affiliation. The plan also provide employees opportunities to set and achieve their own goals, work as a team to achieve the team goals, and growth opportunities in the area that is beneficial to both the organization and themselves. After all, this is a win-win plan for both the organization and employees.

Reference

Appelbaum, Steven H., Glavas, William, St-Pierre, Normand (18). Strategic organizational change the role of leadership, learning, motivation and productivity. Management Decision, 6(5), 8-01.

Jackson, David, and Humble, John (14). Middle managers New purpose, new directions. The Journal of Management Development, 1(), 15.

Robbins, Stephen, P. (001). Organizational Behavior. Boston, MA Pearson Custom Publishing.

Thomas, Lynn (1). Wow!ing employees The foundation to high profits. Rough Notes, 14(6), 84-85.

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Australia and Human rights

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Human rights are the universally recognised interests, powers, liberties and entitlements associated with respect to human dignity and freedom. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights documents this definition and recognises the existence of Human rights. Since the formation of this declaration numerous treaties and declarations have branched from it developing our understanding of human rights.

International human rights have been developed over many centuries through the generation of customary international law and recently through the multilateral treaties and conventions developed specifically to address human rights issues.

International rights come in several main categories, which include civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, environmental and peace rights and collective rights to self-determination. The first two categories are the two major categories initially recognised by international law in the mid 0th Century. The next two categories are the newest wave of human rights issues, arisen as a result of the agitation by developing countries.

International human rights can only take effect through domestic law. Thus making it somewhat controversial as it imposes duties on states in relation to individuals within their own territory.

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In Australia the executive government initially needs to ratify the treaty, convention or any other international instrument. Afterwards the Australian government, or executive, followed by enactment can directly accept the international instrument in question. The parliament will then incorporate the meaning of the international treaty into the domestic legislation via common law, statutes and in the state and Commonwealth constitutions.

Where the international human rights laws aren't incorporated into the words of an Act or judicial decision the international law may be used to assist in the interpretations of statutes and constitutions.

Under Common Law it is required that Administrative decisions must take into account international conventions to which Australia is a signatory. As demonstrated in the case of the Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (15), where the Federal court decided to grant Mr Teoh's application for residency in Australia despite his failure to meet character requirements under the Migration Act 158. The Court validated its decision by arguing that Mr Teoh's role as a father figure must be considered under the Convention on the Rights of the Child in any assessment of his application to remain in Australia.

Statute law ensures much of the Human rights protection in Australia. Various Acts concerning welfare, education, health and criminal matters have been introduced to ensure justice, fairness and equality within our society. Many of these such as the Racial discrimination Act (Cth) 175, and the Disability Discrimination Act (Cth) 1 are reflective of the human rights provisions.

Within the Australian Constitution there are stated protection's offered to individuals such as the right to vote and the right to trial by jury for serious offences.

Other avenues for protection include the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, the State and Federal Ombudsman, Privacy Commissioner, Anti-Discrimination Board, Administrative Decisions Tribunal and through the Federal Court for a full hearing of a case. Parliamentary committees and law reform bodies investigate the protection of human rights in Australia and make recommendations for change. The federal parliament's Human Rights Sub-committee established in 11, is an example of one such body.

However, there are still loopholes within the domestic system that have become evident recently, with the arousal of some delicate issues for which the government has faced harsh criticism.

The Australian public has voiced their concern about lack of protection from statute law, where some international human rights treaties have failed to become domestic law. The Commonwealth has the power to pass such legislation but it has been unwilling to interfere in what are often regarded as state matters. The Federal government's unwillingness to overturn the Northern Territory's mandatory sentencing is an example of this.

Other criticisms coming from the UN committees, aimed at the government lack of compassion for refugees and illegal immigrants and economic and social inequalities faced by ATSI people has been bluntly rejected by the government.

These criticisms have led to the suggestion that Australia should have its own bill of rights to ensure adequate protection of human rights. Another suggested reform is the creation of a single expert monitoring body in place of the current six specialist committees, and a proper resourcing of such a committee.

In conclusion it is evident that Australia has taken the first few steps in creating a democratic legal system that provides care and protection for its citizens, yet the legal system has failed many of its tests. The UN human rights system operates as some sort of safety net in the absence of a comprehensive Australian system for rights protection.

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Kazimir Malevich in relation to Organizational Communications

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The Push Towards the Subjective

a.k.a. Non-Objective

The corporate world is an ongoing fight towards individual rights and ideas working within the framework of a successful operation. Business is a well-oiled machine, but over the years people have realized that the individual parts have feelings. How do you accommodate these feelings while maintaining the machine as a whole? Therein is the fight and the progression. This fight for rights does not take place only in the working environment. Nor does it take place only in the home. Art is no different than the rest of the world. Kazimir Malevich believed that art was for the artist, not for the viewer.

Kazimir was born in Kiev in 1878. He attended many schools for painting and drawing in his early years. He began painting in the Impressionist style before experimenting with Fauvism. Years later he became a master in the Russian art circle of cubofuturism. It was then when he introduced his theory called suprematism. His idea was non-objective art. 'Beauty is in the eye of the beholder,' not 'beauty is beauty.' Art went from landscapes and portraits to ambiguous shapes and avant-garde colors. No longer did the viewer determine what was beautiful and what was to be painted. The decision now rested firmly on the shoulders of the artist.

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Saying that art imitates life in this situation would be incorrect. Life later imitates art. If artists feel that they are not free in their line of work then what hope is there for the factory worker? Art is freedom to express and explore. But that was not happening. The artists felt trapped. Artists united fore they had nothing to lose but their easels. A new movement took place. A new style of art was formed Non-objective. It was true freedom at last. An apple doesn't necessarily have to look like and apple. People don't necessarily have to look like people. Art was finally free.

With art now free, it would not be long until others wanted the freedom as well. These paintings inspired. They evoked a feeling of freedom and meaning. No one could say concretely what was beautiful. No longer was there a right or a wrong. Later in the world this longing for freedom and meaning would manifest in life itself. The world was soon to become a freer place for the workingman.

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Social effects of marijuana

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The use and Effects of marijuana on Teenagers

There are many effects of marijuana use on teenagers. In my essay I will be covering the following points what is Marijuana and why is it so popular in teenagers; the acute and physical effects of using Marijuana; legalization and the use of marijuana for medical purposes.

What is marijuana? Often called pot; grass; weed; herb or Mary Jane, marijuana is a greenish gray mixture of the dried shredded leaves, stems seeds and or flower buds of cannabis sativa, the hemp plant.

Most users smoke marijuana in a hand rolled cigarette called a joint, some use pipes (also referred to as cones), or water pipes called bongs. Marijuana can also be used to brew tea and is sometimes mixed into food.Buy cheap Social effects of marijuana term paper

The major active chemical in marijuana is Delta--tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which causes the mind-altering effects of marijuana intoxication. Marijuana is strongly absorbed into fatty tissue in various organs.

There are a number of reasons why teenagers choose to smoke marijuana. Many see their brothers, sisters, friends or even older family members using it. Peer pressure can also contribute greatly. Others may smoke it because they hear songs about it, see it on television and movies and see it being labeled on clothing. Some teenagers may feel they need it to help them escape from problems at home, at school or with friends.

Marijuana is a dangerous drug; it can hurt a teenager's education, family ties and his/her social life. If a teenager uses marijuana, it disrupts his/her whole life. Performance in school, sports and other activities will suffer. One of the biggest hazards of marijuana for teenagers is that if one is 'high', or 'stoned' on marijuana, they are more likely to make stupid mistakes that could embarrass or even hurt them. If used a lot the user can loose interest in how they are getting along in school/at work, and loose interest in their physical appearance.

Scientists have learnt a lot about THC effects on the brain. When someone smokes marijuana, THC rapidly passes from the lungs into the bloodstream, which then carries the chemical to organs throughout the body including the brain. In the brain, THC connects to specific sites called cannabinoid receptors. Many cannabinoid receptors are found in parts of the brain that influence pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory, time perception, and coordinated movement. The use of marijuana reduces your ability to do things that require coordination and concentration, like sports, dancing, acting and studying.

Short term effects of marijuana use include problems with memory and learning; distorted perception; trouble with thinking and problem solving; loss of coordination; increased heart rate; panic attacks; anxiety; paranoia and more. THC disrupts the nerve cells and in the part of the brain where memories are formed. This makes it hard for the user to recall recent events, therefore it is hard to learn whilst one is stoned. A working short-term memory is required for learning and performing tasks that call for more than one or two steps. All this is pretty self-explanatory; when one is stoned it is impossible to learn.

Effects begin immediately after the drug enters the brain and last from 1- hours. If consumed with food or drink, the short term effects begin more slowly (1/ �1 hour) and last longer (for as long as 4 hours). Within a few minutes after inhaling marijuana smoke, an individual's heart begins to beat more rapidly and blood vessels in the eye expand, causing the eyes to look red.

The user may experience pleasant sensations, colour and sounds may seem more intense and time seems to pass more slowly. The users mouth feels dry and he/she may suddenly become very hungry and thirsty. Marijuana users who have taken high doses of the drug may experience hallucinations, delusions and lose sense of personal identity, or self-recognition.

Even infrequent marijuana use can cause burning and stinging of the mouth and throat, often accompanied by a heavy cough. Someone who smokes marijuana regularly may have some of the same respiratory problems that tobacco smokers do, such as daily cough and phlegm production, more frequent acute chest illness and greater chances of obstructed airways. Marijuana also has the potential to promote cancer of the lungs and other parts of the respiratory system because it contains irritants and carcinogens. It contains 50-70% more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than tobacco smoke does. Marijuana users usually inhale more deeply and hold their breath for longer then tobacco smokers, therefore increasing exposure to carcinogenic smoke.

Acute health consequences of marijuana abuse include

sum Impairs short term memory

sum Impairs attention, judgments

sum Impairs coordination and balance

sum Increased heart rate

Memory and learning skills are persistent health consequences of marijuana abuse

Long tern, permanent effects for chronic abuse include

sum Can lead to addiction

sum Increases the risk of chronic cough and bronchitis

sum Increases risk of cancer to respiratory passage

Long-term marijuana use can lead to addiction for some people. Along with craving, withdrawal symptoms can make it hard for long-term smokers to stop using the drug. People trying to quit report irritability, difficulty sleeping and anxiety.

Marijuana is illegal, therefore if on your record, your chances of getting a job or getting into universities is decreased. In some states it is only a misdemeanor, but still illegal. Police spend a lot of time cutting back plants at harvesting time, costing the tax payers a lot of money, so why not legalize it and save New Zealand some money.

Using, selling, holding or buying marijuana can get you suspended or even expelled from school, hurting your chances of getting a job in the future. If a teenager decides to use marijuana, he/she will have to take full responsibility.

It is easy to see if one is under the influence of marijuana. It disrupts the senses, the user may seem dizzy and have trouble walking, seem silly and giggly for no reason, and have a hard time remembering things that just happened. When early effects fade over a few hours the user may become very sleepy. With these easy to spot characteristics it is easy to see if a teenager is under the influence of marijuana. Further more the traces of THC can be easily detected in standard urine testing methods several days after smoking. In a heavy user however, traces can be detected weeks after smoking. Since it is easy to test weather someone has been using marijuana, officials can quickly tell if a teenager has been using it.

When the overall use of alcohol decreases the overall use of marijuana increases. This is because marijuana and alcohol are compliments, meaning that alcohol use influences marijuana and vice-versa. It is suggested that marijuana made an appearance because of the prohibitation of alcohol. This implies that when alcohol was denied people started using marijuana, furthermore while the drinking of alcohol decreases the use of marijuana increases, thus being more support that marijuana is reliant on alcohol and vice-versa.

Marijuana is not all bad; it is also used for medical purposes. THC, the main ingredient in marijuana produces effects that can be useful for treating a variety of medical condition such as, nausea in cancer chemotherapy patients, and to stimulate appetite in patients with wasting due to AIDS.

I believe that the use of marijuana in teenagers is something that has to be decided by the individual them self. With the effects of marijuana intoxication being much the same as the effects of alcohol, I feel it should be legalized but with the same restrictions that alcohol has. This would save tax payers money as the police wouldn't have to spend so much time and effort cutting back plants before the grower gets to them.

Please note that this sample paper on Social effects of marijuana is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Social effects of marijuana, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Social effects of marijuana will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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