E-learning

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Throughout generations, we moved from a society based on agriculture, through one based on industry, to the highly technically oriented society we live in today. This era demands the greatest asset to any field of work or pursuit in life--knowledge, or human talent. Consequently, in order to keep up with this dynamic society, a sound educational system, including training, is a fundamental source of achieving the competitive advantage for any individual or organization. However, we are not only talking about a four-year degree, but the idea of a forty-year degree, where students learn throughout their lives. It doesnt matter whether they're full or part time students or have already begun working in their field.

Because of this expanding knowledge demand, today's education landscape is characterized by rising enrollments, changing demographics, and greater demand for anytime/anywhere learning. An intriguing example of this need is seen in the idea of e-learning, which is considered the fastest growing sector in educational approach. Therefore, it is very important to assess the quality of education offered through e-learning. We decided to do so through an examination of the quality and the possibilities for of Blackboard.com, one of the leading providers of e-education.

As the Internet grows, Blackboards roots in e-Education strengthen. What began as a collaborative effort among a team of students and faculty at Cornell University, has grown into a user base of two thousand clients (over five million individuals) in more than seventy countries worldwide, including colleges and universities, corporations and associations, as well as leading commercial education providers. In order to closely examine the quality of this site, we decided to look at its major advantages and disadvantages by following evaluation principles from the text, as well as an inside view from the student-learner's perspective, since two of our group members took an educational course through Blackboard.

ADVANTAGES

Blackboard facilitates educational process in many institutions around the country. The website has many advantages which we divided into five following categories

1. Convenience

. Consistency

. Customization

4. Privacy

5. Long-Term Cost Effectiveness

Convenience

There are two kinds of convenience that Blackboard offers

• Time flexibility Education is available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.

• Place flexibility Education is available any place that has a computer and Internet access, i.e. learning is not a constraint to a particular geographic location.

This idea of anytime/anywhere education is of crucial importance to working individuals, students with physical/mobility disabilities, and mothers on maternity leave. They do not have to leave their house or take off from work, or spend time and money commuting in order to receive an education.

Consistency

Blackboard offers consistent quality of education from group to group over time, unlike courses relying on several different instructors for different groups, even within the same class. This has been an issue throughout the existence of organized education, because different schools, depending either on economic or social status were receiving different education. With e-learning, the idea of inequality or discrimination is brought to a minimum. In addition, material is consistent over the length of the course, and not susceptible to disruptions due to unexpected trainer turnover or illness.

Customization

Blackboard offers customization and interoperability that focus on individualized needs of students. This is achieved through following approaches

• Customized Features Blackboard offers a number of user-centric features that provide the sense of a learner-focused approach. This is achieved through the following tools

 Personal calendar, address book, user directory and to-do list.

 Customized academic Web resources to fit individual needs and preferences.

 Selected announcements of future events collected according to individual needs and preferences.

• Self-Paced Most of the courses offered by Blackboard are self-paced, catering to different learning speeds. This way, students who absorb material faster will not be bored and de-motivated by listening to the concepts they already know and understand. On the other hand, students who need more time to internalize these same concepts will have an opportunity to take that time, without feeling rushed or pressured.

• Immediate feedback Any assignments, exercises, quizzes, or tests offered through Blackboard provide immediate feedback to the student. Over time, this feedback is customized through various techniques, pointing out the mistake pattern that a particular student tends to make. In addition, it provides the list of suggestions on how to overcome this weakness, whether it is regarding material content, or test taking abilities. From this perspective, Blackboard offers pedagogical flexibility that is not achieved in a traditional learning environment.

• Retention Because of all these customized features that cater to unique learning needs, retention of material offered through Blackboard is at least as good as with other methods, and is often superior.

Privacy

The anonymity of Blackboard and e-education in general, offers an element of privacy that was previously unknown. There are individuals who actually prefer to interact with teachers and fellow students online. In the traditional classroom setting, a few students may dominate the discussion, while shy individuals may find it very difficult to participate because of their quiet nature. By contrast, both extrovert and introvert students can easily speak up online. The element of instructor/peer pressure is diminished, allowing students to express their opinions more comfortably. In addition, e-students tend to reflect more before participating, and therefore their comments and viewpoints often contain more logic and coherence than those expressed in classrooms. Also, a variety of forums within one discussion might be created, each with a distinct set of properties and approaches that allow for various pedagogical insights and routes to managing interaction. A number of colleges and universities, such as the University of Wisconsin, Madison, recognize and often prefer this method of discussion, characterizing it as "more effective and fact oriented, with low tolerance for discrimination".

Long-Term Cost Effectiveness

The long-term asset that Blackboard's educational program delivers is highly advantageous to schools who would like to offer e-learning opportunities to their students or companies who would like to do the same for their employees. Although the system's disadvantage of start-up costs exists and will be considered in the next section, the infinitely lasting value given the institution is extremely advantageous. Schools do not need to worry about lack of room to accommodate enough students leading to costly expansions or building projects. Students are also benefited long-term by avoiding transportation, or lodging costs over a lifetime of education.

DISADVANTAGES

Although Blackboard facilitates the educational process in many institutions around the country, it has certain disadvantages akin to the Computer-Based Training companies. We divided them into five following categories

1. Technical Problems

. Lack of Interpersonal Skills

. Short-Term Costs

4. Control

5. Inadequacies

Technical Problems

Although computer-based learning is the fastest growing educational approach, at the same time it's the youngest. Because it is so new, Blackboard and other similar sites encounter problems associated with e-learning on a daily basis, most of them being technical in nature. Although it is certain these difficulties encountered from time to time will be worked out in the future leading to an incomparable learning experience, they now pose certain problems. Both students and teachers have difficulties logging in, posting messages, uploading assignments, and giving and taking tests. Some of the specific examples are described bellow

• Blackboard.com operates very poorly on Netscape for Macintosh. This becomes quite a problem with Colleges and Universities, since over fifty five percent of them operate on Netscape for Macintosh because of slightly lower installation costs compared to other providers. Unless Blackboard comes up with a solution fast, this market segment is unreachable, and therefore lost.

• Resizing the quiz window using AOL connection often causes all entered information to be lost. This obviously causes the user dissatisfaction, especially during the test or training crunch time.

• Although theoretically Blackboard.com should work with almost any type of connection or PC, the practicality of situation is quite different. In order for a clip, test, or exercise to run smoothly, it needs a high-speed modem, as well as PC with a fast processing power. Therefore, many students end up using the University server, however in this case, the student obviously needs to be at the school which defeats the sole purpose of Blackboard.

Lack of Interpersonal Skills

Even though we now live in a knowledge-driven society, it is still one made up of people and knowing how to interact and operate in such society is still an irreplaceable part of any education. The following disadvantages may be offset by the traditional learning environment of a classroom but pose a threat to CBT programs

• less effective or even inadequate in teaching interpersonal or soft skills

• less opportunities to get involved in student academic life

• peer learning not predominant nor teachers learning from their students

Short-Term Costs

Because the market and technology for e-learning is relatively new and is presently in high demand, the short-term costs prove to be a disadvantage for using Blackboard and similar sites.

• Start-up costs for equipment are very high.

• Equipment and information systems take a longer amount of time to develop than a traditional course.

• Instructors need to be trained for the initial use.

• System implemented cannot be modified easily and is therefore, more costly to change.

Control

The issue of controlling the learning environment to uphold honest academic conduct is seemingly difficult if not impossible in an e-learning setting. The following disadvantages are related to control

• Attendance is not verifiable, thus it is easier for irresponsible student to skip the class.

• Identity of test-taker is not verifiably the same as the student who is enrolled.

• No control over when resources such as textbooks are used, if they're being used when they are not supposed to be used, or whether resources are appropriate and honest for the students use.

Inadequacies

Even though e-learning is an excellent tool for training and understanding of certain skills, some subjects or abilities simply cannot be taught effectively through use of CBT. The following are those inadequacies (excluding interpersonal skills which were already discussed)

• For teaching physical or psychomotor skills.

• For times when an instructor is essential, i.e. for the benefit of role-play exercises and networking.

• For actively learning a foreign language through oral instruction.

As we have already mentioned, education is necessary in order to get ahead, and more importantly to stay ahead through a life-long, educational endeavor. Education can thus be viewed as a strategic set of maneuvers, whose learning approaches are not always black and white as we can clearly see from the above analysis. Each individual is unique, and therefore, they have different learning needs and goals. Blackboard.com and e-education in general caters to this need for both customized and individualized learning. However, that is not to say that the need for a more traditional approach, such as the classroom approach is diminishing. Certainly this is because for some students and for some contexts, the traditional classroom approach is irreplaceable. Perhaps the most accurate answer is that the most effective education will take place through an intelligent blend of learning approaches that are matched to the individualized needs and learning styles of the student.

INTERNET TRAINING SOURCES AND HUMAN RESOURCES

The training and lifelong development of human talent, besides being an individual goal for many students and employees, is also a major aspect of Human Resources that is being newly redesigned with the advent of e-learning. E-learning is one of the future human resources competencies that will be critical to HR professionals because of current and future trends predicted for this field. Oddly enough, these trends coincide with several of the advantages of e-learning previously discussed. The positive qualities of internet training sources and the future of HR in four different categories are compared below

• Workplace Flexibility The fact that employees will have more and more choices about work arrangements, allowing them to meet their individual needs is no surprise in our society where convenience is of the utmost importance. E-learning via programs such as Blackboard parallel this flexibility in both place and time flexibility discussed under the advantage of convenience.

• Global Business The prediction of technology, especially the Internet [enabling] more businesses to enter the global marketplace is no doubt already in full swing today. Technology thus brings all businesses to an even playing field so to speak, breaking down barriers and enforcing total objectivity in the marketplace. This is similar to Blackboards commitment to consistency where statuses are invalid and inconsequential to a global learning environment that emphasizes equality.

• Work and Society A renaissance to the importance of family will supposedly be achieved because families will return to the center of society. This also compliments Blackboards flexibilities in time and place, again included in convenience advantages because mothers who chose to have a family life, can still pursue their learning goals without leaving their house or taking off work to do so.

• Workforce Development The opinion that training will be delivered just in time, wherever people need it, using a variety of technology cuts to the very core of e-learning and what Blackboard is founded upon. The self-paced nature and personal customization of Blackboard indicates the training is just in time for each particular student, learning as they need to know the subject either for themselves or their employers.

So regardless of what the life-long learning objectives, societal trends can change how one pursues them, be it through the traditional classroom setting, e-learning such that Blackboard offers, or a combination of the two. It should be expected then, that the work environment through the Human Resources function of the organization and all others would also be effected and adopt some of these trends for a more efficiently and effectively run operation. A m�lange of applications between the advantages of e-learning and the future predictions for Human Resources can be made to show us where we have been, where we are, and wh

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Fightclub - Nonsense or Literature?

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Fight Club is the most frankly and cheerfully fascist big-star movie since Death Wish, a celebration of violence in which the heroes write themselves a license to drink, smoke, screw and beat one another up.

Sometimes, for variety, they beat up themselves. Its macho porn--the sex movie Hollywood has been moving toward for years, in which eroticism between the sexes is replaced by all-guy locker-room fights. Women, who have had a lifetime of practice at dealing with little-boy posturing, will instinctively see through it; men may get off on the testosterone rush. The fact that it is very well made and has a great first act certainly clouds the issue.

Edward Norton stars as a depressed urban loner filled up to here with angst. He describes his world in dialogue of sardonic social satire. His life and job are driving him crazy. As a means of dealing with his pain, he seeks out 1-step meetings, where he can hug those less fortunate than himself and find catharsis in their suffering. It is not without irony that the first meeting he attends is for post-surgical victims of testicular cancer, since the whole movie is about guys afraid of losing their cojones.

These early scenes have a nice sly tone; theyre narrated by the Norton character in the kind of voice Nathanael West used in Miss Lonelyhearts. Hes known only as the Narrator, for reasons later made clear. The meetings are working as a sedative, and his life is marginally manageable when tragedy strikes He begins to notice Marla (Helena Bonham Carter) at meetings. Shes a tourist like himself--someone not addicted to anything but meetings. She spoils it for him. He knows hes a faker, but wants to believe everyone elses pain is real.

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On an airplane, he has another key encounter, with Tyler Durden (Brad Pitt), a man whose manner cuts through the fog. He seems able to see right into the Narrators soul, and shortly after, when the Narrators high-rise apartment turns into a fireball, he turns to Tyler for shelter. He gets more than that. He gets in on the ground floor of Fight Club, a secret society of men who meet in order to find freedom and self-realization through beating one another into pulp.

Its at about this point that the movie stops being smart and savage and witty, and turns to some of the most brutal, unremitting, nonstop violence ever filmed. Although sensible people know that if you hit someone with an ungloved hand hard enough, youre going to end up with broken bones, the guys in Fight Club have fists of steel, and hammer one another while the sound effects guys beat the hell out of Naugahyde sofas with Ping-Pong paddles. Later, the movie takes still another turn. A lot of recent films seem unsatisfied unless they can add final scenes that redefine the reality of everything that has gone before; call it the Keyser Soze syndrome.

What is all this about? According to Durden, it is about freeing yourself from the shackles of modern life, which imprisons and emasculates men. By being willing to give and receive pain and risk death, Fight Club members find freedom. Movies like Crash must play like cartoons for Durden. Hes a shadowy, charismatic figure, able to inspire a legion of men in big cities to descend into the secret cellars of a Fight Club and beat one another up.

Only gradually are the final outlines of his master plan revealed. Is Tyler Durden in fact a leader of men with a useful philosophy? Its only after weve lost everything that were free to do anything, he says, sounding like a man who tripped over the Nietzsche display on his way to the coffee bar in Borders. In my opinion, he has no useful truths. Hes a bully--Werner Erhard plus S & M, a leather club operator without the decor. None of the Fight Club members grows stronger or freer because of their membership; theyre reduced to pathetic cultists. Issue them black shirts and sign them up as skinheads. Whether Durden represents hidden aspects of the male psyche is a question the movie uses as a loophole--but is not able to escape through, because Fight Club is not about its ending but about its action.

Of course, Fight Club itself does not advocate Durdens philosophy. It is a warning against it, I guess; one critic I like says it makes a telling point about the bestial nature of man and what can happen when the numbing effects of day-to-day drudgery cause people to go a little crazy. I think its the numbing effects of movies like this that cause people go to a little crazy. Although sophisticates will be able to rationalize the movie as an argument against the behavior it shows, my guess is that audience will like the behavior but not the argument. Certainly theyll buy tickets because they can see Pitt and Norton pounding on each other; a lot more people will leave this movie and get in fights than will leave it discussing Tyler Durdens moral philosophy. The images in movies like this argue for themselves, and it takes a lot of narration (or Narration) to argue against them.

Lord knows the actors work hard enough. Norton and Pitt go through almost as much physical suffering in this movie as Demi Moore endured in G.I. Jane, and Helena Bonham Carter creates a feisty chain-smoking hellcat who is probably so angry because none of the guys thinks having sex with her is as much fun as a broken nose. When you see good actors in a project like this, you wonder if they signed up as an alternative to canyoneering.

The movie was directed by David Fincher and written by Jim Uhls, who adapted the novel by Chuck Palahniuk. In many ways, its like Finchers movie The Game (17), with the violence cranked up for teenage boys of all ages. That film was also about a testing process in which a man drowning in capitalism (Michael Douglas) has the rug of his life pulled out from under him and has to learn to fight for survival. I admired The Game much more than Fight Club because it was really about its theme, while the message in Fight Club is like bleeding scraps of Socially Redeeming Content thrown to the howling mob.

Fincher is a good director (his work includes Alien , one of the best-looking bad movies I have ever seen, and Seven, the grisly and intelligent thriller). With Fight Club he seems to be setting himself some kind of a test--how far over the top can he go? The movie is visceral and hard-edged, with levels of irony and commentary above and below the action. If it had all continued in the vein explored in the first act, it might have become a great film. But the second act is pandering and the third is trickery, and whatever Fincher thinks the message is, thats not what most audience members will get. Fight Club is a thrill ride masquerading as philosophy--the kind of ride where some people puke and others cant wait to get on again.

Please note that this sample paper on Fightclub - Nonsense or Literature? is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Fightclub - Nonsense or Literature?, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Fightclub - Nonsense or Literature? will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Autosomal diseases

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Autosomal Diseases

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Down syndrome

Down syndrome or DS, is one of the most common genetic causes of mental retardation or developmental delay. That means it is caused by a problem with a persons chromosomes, on which the genes that make each person unique are located.

People with DS are usually mildly to moderately mentally retarded. Some are developmentally delayed and some are severely retarded. Each person with DS is different.

Babies with DS tend to develop more slowly than other babies do. They may start walking later than other babies. When they are grown, they tend to be smaller than the other members of their family and they may be a little stocky or heavy.

Many people with DS have eyelids that may be slanted upward. They may have small folds of skin at the inside corners of their eyes. Their noses may be somewhat flat and their ears may be small and shaped abnormally. They may have a large space between the big toe and the second toe.

Children who are born with DS are also more likely to have certain health problems. They are more likely to get infections, such as respiratory illnesses (problems with lungs and breathing). When they do get infections, they often last longer. They may have eye or ear problems or digestion problems like constipation. Some babies with DS may have problems in their stomachs or intestinal blockage that prevent them from digesting food properly.

About half are born with heart defects, which means there is something different with the way their heart developed. Some develop leukemia, a type of cancer. But each person with DS is different and may have one, several, or all of these problems.

Down syndrome is caused by, having an increased number of chromosomes. Normally, there are pairs of chromosomes. Half of the pair is from the mother and half are from the father.

Down syndrome is not caused by anything either the mom or dad did before the child was born. Anyone can have a baby with Down syndrome. But the older the mother, the greater the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.

About one out of every 800 babies born has DS, no matter what race or nationality the parents are. It is not contagious, so you cant catch it from someone else. Its impossible to get DS after you are born.

The most common type of Down syndrome is called trisomy 1. About 5% of people with DS have trisomy 1.With this type of DS, the child is born with an extra chromosome. He has 47 chromosomes instead of 46. Instead of having two number 1 chromosomes, he has three of them.

Because people with DS are born with an abnormal number of chromosomes, there is no cure for Down syndrome. It is something they will have all their lives.

At one time, most children with DS did not live past childhood. Many would often become sick from infections. Others would die from their heart problems or other problems they had at birth.

Today, most of these health problems can be treated and most children with DS grow into adulthood. Medicines can take care of many of their infections. Surgery can correct heart, stomach, and intestinal problems. There are medical treatments for leukemia. Someone with DS has a good chance of living to be 50 years old or more.

Many kids with DS are in regular classes. Some need special classes to help them in areas where they have more trouble learning. Their parents work with teachers and others to come up with a plan for the best way for each child to learn. The whole idea is to take advantage of their strengths and help them in the areas where they have weaknesses.

With this extra help, kids with DS can grow up to do many of the things kids without DS can do. Some will live in special homes with other people who sometimes need extra help.

Sometimes, other kids may want to bully someone with DS just because hes different. But kids with Down syndrome are just like anybody else. They go to school, play sports, and have friends. They can feel happy, sad, silly,angry, and lots of other emotions, like other kids do. When they get teased, it hurts their feelings as it would anyone else. They want to be accepted just like everyone else does.

A kid with DS is just another kid, but one who might have a few extra problems to deal with. And sometimes - just like you - what they need most is a helping hand and a friendly word of encouragement

Turner syndrome

Turner Syndrome is one of the rare diseases that affect only women. It is caused by abnormalities in one of the X chromosomes, and has a number of symptoms, including short stature and the presence of a webbed neck.

While Turner syndrome symptoms may be apparent at birth, the condition often isnt diagnosed until puberty. The characteristic short stature may be overlooked, and the girl is just presumed to be shorter than average. As with other rare diseases, most people have never heard of Turner Syndrome, so the warning signs are often missed.

So, out of all the rare diseases, why are men immune to Turner Syndrome?

Humans have pairs of chromosomes, which contain all of our genetic information. Men are distinguished from women by having one pair of chromosomes consisting of a single X and a single Y chromosome. Women on the other hand normally have two X chromosomes.

In women suffering from Turner Syndrome, some of the genetic material on one of these chromosomes is missing, or an entire X chromosome may be missing. The exact cause of the disease isnt known but it is thought to be a random occurrence affecting approximately one out every ,000 live female births.

Male fetuses that miss the X chromosome dont survive. A Y chromosome cant function on its own. A single X chromosome can survive, however, and the resulting child is a girl with Turner Syndrome.

These are the observable signs of Turner Syndrome

• short stature

• webbed neck

• lack of secondary sex characteristics

• a hollow appearance to the chest

• lack of menstruation

• low hairline

• droopy eyelids.

If you have Turner Syndrome, or know someone who does, chances are youre already aware of the physical symptoms of the disease short stature and a webbed neck are the most common symptoms. This site offers a more in-depth examination of Turner Syndrome. It explains what many of the hidden symptoms are, and possible health problems that arise from the disease.

While there is no known cure for Turner Syndrome, some medical interventions can help, and the site covers those too.

Huntington disease

HUNTINGTON DISEASE (HD) is an inherited, degenerative neurological disease that leads to dementia. About 0,000 Americans have HD and about 150,00 more are at risk of inheriting the disease from a parent.

The HD gene, whose mutation results in Huntington disease, was mapped to chromosome 4 in 18 and cloned in 1. The mutation is a characteristic expansion of a nucleotide triplet repeats in the DNA that codes for the protein huntingtin. As the number of repeated triplets - CAG(cytosine, adenine, guanine) - increases, the age of onset in the patient decreases.

Furthermore, because the unstable trinucleotide repeat can lengthen when passed from parent to child, the age of onset can decrease from one generation to the next. Since people who have those repeats always suffer from Huntington disease, it suggests that the mutation causes a gain-of-function, in which the mRNA or protein takes on a new property or is expressed inappropriately.

With the discovery of the HD gene, a new predictive test was developed that allows those at risk to find out whether or not they will develop the disease. Animal models have also been developed, and we know that mice have a gene that is similar to the human HD gene. Research on understanding the mechanism that causes the triplet repeat to increase is ongoing, since its discovery could be critical to the development of an effective treatment for this and other similar diseases.

Autosomal Diseases

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Down syndrome

Down syndrome or DS, is one of the most common genetic causes of mental retardation or developmental delay. That means it is caused by a problem with a persons chromosomes, on which the genes that make each person unique are located.

People with DS are usually mildly to moderately mentally retarded. Some are developmentally delayed and some are severely retarded. Each person with DS is different.

Babies with DS tend to develop more slowly than other babies do. They may start walking later than other babies. When they are grown, they tend to be smaller than the other members of their family and they may be a little stocky or heavy.

Many people with DS have eyelids that may be slanted upward. They may have small folds of skin at the inside corners of their eyes. Their noses may be somewhat flat and their ears may be small and shaped abnormally. They may have a large space between the big toe and the second toe.

Children who are born with DS are also more likely to have certain health problems. They are more likely to get infections, such as respiratory illnesses (problems with lungs and breathing). When they do get infections, they often last longer. They may have eye or ear problems or digestion problems like constipation. Some babies with DS may have problems in their stomachs or intestinal blockage that prevent them from digesting food properly.

About half are born with heart defects, which means there is something different with the way their heart developed. Some develop leukemia, a type of cancer. But each person with DS is different and may have one, several, or all of these problems.

Down syndrome is caused by, having an increased number of chromosomes. Normally, there are pairs of chromosomes. Half of the pair is from the mother and half are from the father.

Down syndrome is not caused by anything either the mom or dad did before the child was born. Anyone can have a baby with Down syndrome. But the older the mother, the greater the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.

About one out of every 800 babies born has DS, no matter what race or nationality the parents are. It is not contagious, so you cant catch it from someone else. Its impossible to get DS after you are born.

The most common type of Down syndrome is called trisomy 1. About 5% of people with DS have trisomy 1.With this type of DS, the child is born with an extra chromosome. He has 47 chromosomes instead of 46. Instead of having two number 1 chromosomes, he has three of them.

Because people with DS are born with an abnormal number of chromosomes, there is no cure for Down syndrome. It is something they will have all their lives.

At one time, most children with DS did not live past childhood. Many would often become sick from infections. Others would die from their heart problems or other problems they had at birth.

Today, most of these health problems can be treated and most children with DS grow into adulthood. Medicines can take care of many of their infections. Surgery can correct heart, stomach, and intestinal problems. There are medical treatments for leukemia. Someone with DS has a good chance of living to be 50 years old or more.

Many kids with DS are in regular classes. Some need special classes to help them in areas where they have more trouble learning. Their parents work with teachers and others to come up with a plan for the best way for each child to learn. The whole idea is to take advantage of their strengths and help them in the areas where they have weaknesses.

With this extra help, kids with DS can grow up to do many of the things kids without DS can do. Some will live in special homes with other people who sometimes need extra help.

Sometimes, other kids may want to bully someone with DS just because hes different. But kids with Down syndrome are just like anybody else. They go to school, play sports, and have friends. They can feel happy, sad, silly,angry, and lots of other emotions, like other kids do. When they get teased, it hurts their feelings as it would anyone else. They want to be accepted just like everyone else does.

A kid with DS is just another kid, but one who might have a few extra problems to deal with. And sometimes - just like you - what they need most is a helping hand and a friendly word of encouragement

Turner syndrome

Turner Syndrome is one of the rare diseases that affect only women. It is caused by abnormalities in one of the X chromosomes, and has a number of symptoms, including short stature and the presence of a webbed neck.

While Turner syndrome symptoms may be apparent at birth, the condition often isnt diagnosed until puberty. The characteristic short stature may be overlooked, and the girl is just presumed to be shorter than average. As with other rare diseases, most people have never heard of Turner Syndrome, so the warning signs are often missed.

So, out of all the rare diseases, why are men immune to Turner Syndrome?

Humans have pairs of chromosomes, which contain all of our genetic information. Men are distinguished from women by having one pair of chromosomes consisting of a single X and a single Y chromosome. Women on the other hand normally have two X chromosomes.

In women suffering from Turner Syndrome, some of the genetic material on one of these chromosomes is missing, or an entire X chromosome may be missing. The exact cause of the disease isnt known but it is thought to be a random occurrence affecting approximately one out every ,000 live female births.

Male fetuses that miss the X chromosome dont survive. A Y chromosome cant function on its own. A single X chromosome can survive, however, and the resulting child is a girl with Turner Syndrome.

These are the observable signs of Turner Syndrome

• short stature

• webbed neck

• lack of secondary sex characteristics

• a hollow appearance to the chest

• lack of menstruation

• low hairline

• droopy eyelids.

If you have Turner Syndrome, or know someone who does, chances are youre already aware of the physical symptoms of the disease short stature and a webbed neck are the most common symptoms. This site offers a more in-depth examination of Turner Syndrome. It explains what many of the hidden symptoms are, and possible health problems that arise from the disease.

While there is no known cure for Turner Syndrome, some medical interventions can help, and the site covers those too.

Huntington disease

HUNTINGTON DISEASE (HD) is an inherited, degenerative neurological disease that leads to dementia. About 0,000 Americans have HD and about 150,00 more are at risk of inheriting the disease from a parent.

The HD gene, whose mutation results in Huntington disease, was mapped to chromosome 4 in 18 and cloned in 1. The mutation is a characteristic expansion of a nucleotide triplet repeats in the DNA that codes for the protein huntingtin. As the number of repeated triplets - CAG(cytosine, adenine, guanine) - increases, the age of onset in the patient decreases.

Furthermore, because the unstable trinucleotide repeat can lengthen when passed from parent to child, the age of onset can decrease from one generation to the next. Since people who have those repeats always suffer from Huntington disease, it suggests that the mutation causes a gain-of-function, in which the mRNA or protein takes on a new property or is expressed inappropriately.

With the discovery of the HD gene, a new predictive test was developed that allows those at risk to find out whether or not they will develop the disease. Animal models have also been developed, and we know that mice have a gene that is similar to the human HD gene. Research on understanding the mechanism that causes the triplet repeat to increase is ongoing, since its discovery could be critical to the development of an effective treatment for this and other similar diseases.

Bibliograhies

Reviewed by Charlotte E. Grayson , MD, January 00

Coleman, Mary and Rogers, PT. Medical Care in Down Syndrome A Preventative Medicine Approach. Marcel Dekker, Inc, NY, 1.

Korenberg, JR et al. Down syndrome phenotypes The consequences of chromosomal imbalance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1 47-5001, 14.

Patterson, D. The integrated map of human chromosome 1. In Etiology and Pathogenesis of Down Syndrome, Wiley-Liss, 15, p 4-55.

Hernandez D and Fisher EMC. Down syndrome genetics unravelling a multifactorial disorder. Hum. mol. Genet., 5 1411-1416, 16.

Shapiro, BL. Whither Down syndrome critical regions? Hum Genet 41-4, 17.

Pediatric Research, 50(), 417-4. Retrieved December 6, 00

This site debuted on December 5, 15 and the site was last updated on February , 001.

http//www.neurologychannel.com/huntingtons/

Critical Reviews in Neurobiology. 8()15-6, 14.

Lindvall, O. Neural transplantation. Cell Transplant, 15 Jul-Aug; 4 (4) -400.

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Texoil Case

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Texoil Case

Strategy and Goals

After reading the situation that I, as the station manager, was in I developed two motivating factors. First, there was the tangible factor of receiving enough money to realize my dream. Second, there was the motivation to distance myself and my wife from the life that had drained our physical and emotional health. I realized at that moment that these two motivations were not necessarily compatible with each other, and that I was going to be forced to decide the relevant importance of each somewhere in the negotiation.

Before I even started the negotiation I determined that I must receive the money that I needed, which turned out to be a big mistake that tunneled my vision onto the final outcome. I inadvertently then limited myself to two possible outcomes 1) sell for more than $50K; or ) don't sell and wait for another offer. I determined that receiving the money was a more important consideration than the intangible motivation described earlier. Essentially, I decided that my BATNA was to walk away from any deal if I didn't receive at least $50K. It was also made easier by the assumption that I would not conduct future business with the Texoil Company.Do my essay on Texoil Case CHEAP !

Because I felt that time was running against me, and I had few if any alternatives, I believed that I did not have the leverage in this situation. Therefore, I decided that the best strategy was to undertake a collaborative style of negotiating (as described on page of Lewicki). It was my intention to declare understanding for my counterpart's concerns and concede some points to create this collaborative atmosphere. In this atmosphere I would be able to build a win-win relationship. Unfortunately, the way I framed the negotiation and handled the emotional process of negotiating resulted in failure.

Framing the Negotiation

My frame was based on an outcome. As described in Essentials of Negotiation (Lewicki), I had a specific, preferred outcome that I was bent on achieving. I had rationalized the value of the service station given the information we had at our disposal. A new station would cost at least $650K, there were no other owner-operator stations in the area, and the time required to build a new station would take at least 1-18 months and reduce the potential profits that could be made during that time. Therefore, in my mind there was no reason why this station could be worth less than at least $65K. I had effectively eliminated the thought of alternative solutions. This was perhaps the biggest event that determined the outcome of the entire negotiation. I had failed to increase the bargaining mix by limiting the factors of negotiation.

The situation was compounded by the fact that my counterpart came to the table with the exact same frame as I had. The Texoil representative was basing his performance solely on an outcome basis. This essentially made the negotiation a distributive negotiation, in which whatever the other party would gain one party conceded. During the negotiation both of us focused entirely on receiving the set price we had determined before the negotiation began. My original plan of a collaborative negotiation was gone, and we were now searching for a middle ground where both of us could receive our predetermined goals. Since there was no Zone of Agreement, not surprisingly the demands from each party were unattainable and the negotiation ended in a deadlock.

Emotions in the Negotiation

At many times during the negotiation it became a game of who could win a point using facts given or assumed. It became a verbal battle of who could make the most valid points about his stance. At the beginning of the negotiation we were both very cordial and listened to the other intently. As our positions became more solidified, the cordiality quickly disappeared. We both talked at the same time, trying to get the other to listen to our viewpoint. This was the other major factor that doomed our negotiation. We both became emotional about the lack of understanding from the other party and thus eliminated the necessary communication that could have lead to an agreement that could satisfy both parties.

For my part, I abstained from disclosing any information about my personal reasons for selling the station, believing that it might hurt my bargaining position if my counterpart knew all of the specifics. I realize now that in this situation, if alternative solutions were to be found, the other party necessarily has to know what your motivations are, at least in general terms. If I were to do the negotiation again, I would have explained my need for a certain amount of capital upfront, as well as some form of security in two years that could reduce the amount of capital I needed now.

Lessons Learned

The biggest lesson I learned from this exercise was that you have to look past the obvious solutions of problems to see if there are alternative solutions that will meet your objectives. This can be very difficult to accomplish if you don't spend the time to understand your counterpart's own needs and his/her ability to meet your needs. I was continually focusing on the end product cash in my hand to satisfy my requirements. In reality cash was only part of my needs. Security was also a big issue that I was quantifying in cash.

Another of my failings in this exercise was not undergoing the process of looking at solutions from my counterpart's perspective. Nowhere in the process of developing a strategy to achieve my goals, did I look at the other party to see how they could satisfy my requirements (other than money). If I would have broken down the ways to receive compensation for the sale of the service station, alternative solutions may have come to mind.

Counterpart Recommendations

I believe that Jackie Wu did a very good job at the beginning of the negotiation. He listened to my sales pitch without much comment, and asked a few probing questions trying to uncover my motivations and goals. Jackie's ability to listen and process information was a clear sign to me that he was gathering ammunition to use in his arguments. While I think Jackie did a good job overall, there were some things that I noticed could be done for Jackie to become a better negotiator. A few of those things are

1. From the beginning of the negotiation, Jackie gave the feeling of being very inflexible. I believe this can lead the opposing negotiator to be inflexible, or leave them with a feeling that Jackie is not going to reciprocate concessions.

. Jackie needs to develop a core strategy and stick to it. There were times during the negotiation where I felt that Jackie was simply rejecting my position instead of developing his own position.

. Like myself, Jackie didn't look for any alternative solutions that could have satisfied both of our goals.

4. I think Jackie might be more effective if he developed a personal rapport with his counterpart before negotiating. If his strategy was to be "all business", then he did a very good job. Otherwise, he might try to make a connection on a more personal level.

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Camp Butler

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Many people believe that Camp Butler is just another ordinary national cemetery. But actually Camp Butler holds a lot of information behind its gates. Its original purpose was a training ground and a POW camp with a small cemetery for the deceased prisoner and soldiers. And now it has evolved into a symbol and the biggest national cemetery in the State of Illinois.

In 1861, after the Civil War had begun, William T. Sherman was sent to Springfield, Illinois by the United States War Department to select a camping ground for the Union army. Governor Richard Yates, current Governor of Springfield at the time, asked William Butler, State Treasure, with help from Ozias M. Hatch, Secretary of State, to assist Sherman in selecting a camp ground (Huelsman, SJR). Sherman, Butler, and Hatch rode 6 miles NE of Springfield by carriage to an area of 6 acres. Sherman was pleased at what he saw. There was high ground for camping, lower and more lever ground for drilling and training, and a space for a cemetery. Thanking him for his help, Sherman named the area Camp Butler, in honor of William Butler. The camp is located on what is currently Sangamon Ave. and U.S. 6, about six miles northeast of Springfield, close to the Sangamon River and the Wabash Railroad (Teleford, SJR)

Originally, Camp Butler was to be the main center of concentration and training for the Union recruits in Illinois, replacing Camp Yates (Parrotte, SVC). But it seemed that the camp was going to have a much bigger purpose. Governor Yates appointed Captain Thomas G. Pitchers commandant of Camp Butler with the Rank of Colonel (Parrotte, SVC). The first shipment of troops arrived August 5, 1861, including infantry and a troop of cavalry from Mason City; Calvary troops from Madison, Macon, Piatt, and Pike counties; and a battery of artillery, which were all transferred from Camp Yates (Teleford, SJR). The camp began to grow in great numbers at a very rapid pace. By August , the camp already contained 1,500 men and twelve days later contained over 5,000 men (Teleford, SJR). Troops earned $15.00 a month, a bounty of $100.00, and a quarter section of land at the end of the war (Miller, SJR). The first casualty at the camp was a Private Willard of Mason City on August 1. He was diagnosed to have died of lung fever. The camp lacked in both supplies and uniform. Due to the supply shortage, Colonel Pitcher had to put the men through training using stick in stead of muskets (Parrotte, SVC). Time in the camp was brief for an ordinary soldier due to the need of active men (Parrotte, SVC). The average time for a Union soldier was 0 to 40 days (Parrotte, SVC). Pitcher would muster the men into combat ready, and within a few days, the soldier would receive their orders (Parrotte, SVC). In October of 1861, Colonel Pitcher turned over the camp to Lieutenant Charles B. Watson (Parrotte, SVC). In his little time of command, Pitcher trained more than 15,000 men (Parrotte, SVC).

In the middle of December 1861, the United State's War Department disbanded all temporary camp and designated Camp Butler and Camp Douglas the only two rendezvous camps in the state (Teleford, SJR). In 186, Camp Butler was established a National Cemetery due to President Abraham Lincoln's approved Congressional legislation that allowed the president to purchase cemetery grounds to be used for soldiers who died in service of the country on July 17 (Parrotte, SVC). Twelve national cemeteries in all were created by legislation (Teleford, SJR).Order College Papers on Camp Butler

By February 1, 186, almost 80,000 men had passed through Camp Butler (Teleford, SJR). Colonel Patcairn Morrison, sent by the War Department, was now in command of the camp (Parrotte, SVC). On February , the camp was to add to its growing number with prisoner of war. ,000 of the 15,000 Confederate soldiers captured at Fort Donelson by General U. S. Grant arrived at Camp Butler (Teleford, SJR). On March 1, 50 more Confederate prisoners were sent to the camp and on April 14, Morrison task grew more when 1,000 Confederates, captured at the mouth of the Mississippi River, were sent to the camp (Parrotte, SVC). General Grant funneled ,165 prisoners in all to the camp. Many Confederates within the prisoner camps died.

Camp Butler faced a huge sanitation problem. Floor were dirty, slop and filth was thrown indiscriminately around, medicines were deficient, shelter was bad, and the nurse and cook acted insubordinate (Teleford, SJR). In May of 186, a total of 1 prisoners died in the camps. Many diseases began to take its toll on both the Confederate prisoner and the Union soldiers. The smallpox epidemic of 186 was said to be the worst cases of death due to disease. A total of 875 died due to an epidemic died due to an epidemic in the summer of 186.

Colonel Morrison was relieved of his duties in June , 186 and is replacement was Major John G. Fonda (Parrotte, SVC). A huge number of recruits were made and Governor Yates was forced to re-open many of the temporary camps, leaving Camp Butler, still, the main training site (Parrotte, SVC). Camp Butler number 1,000 Union troops and included at least on troop from every county in the State (Teleford, SJR). Major Fonda was appointed the new commander of the 118th Illinois Infantry and Colonel William F. Lynch became the new commander of Camp Butler (Parrotte, SVC). In January of 186, 1,665 Confederates captured at Arkansas Post and Murfreesboro were sent to Camp Butler (Parrotte, SVC). Within the next two months, 500 more prisoners entered the camp (Parrotte, SVC). By spring of 186, the prisoners in the camp numbered around ,60 including prisoner from ten of the eleven Confederate State, excluding Florida (Teleford, SJR).

Disease still reeked havoc in the prisoner camp. Meningitis and Typhoid fever alone claimed the lives of 1 soldiers a month (Lindstrom, SJR). Due to the many soldiers suffering from disease hospitals were enlarged from two wards to seven wards (Teleford, SJR). The original two wards could hold a combine capacity of 60 cots but the expansion of the wards allowed each of the seven wards to hold 60 cots each (Teleford, SJR). Also a large office building was constructed allowing more surgeons and clerks to be hired (Teleford, SJR). In January of 1864, 78 patients were admitted to the general hospital and of the 78, 5 died (Teleford, SJR). The most prevalent diseases were cerebro- spinal meningitis, pneumonia, and typhoid pneumonia (Teleford, SJR). It was said that 0 percent of the fatalities in the camp were caused by either exposure or improper food (Teleford, SJR).

President Lincoln issued many calls for troops. With Illinois having a high quota, Camp Butler housed several thousand troops and recruits throughout the first three months of 1864 (Parrotte, SVC). With the constant calls for troops, Camp Butler was guaranteed to remain active housing troops until 1865. By the fall of 1864, the last Confederate prisoner was shipped out. Camp Butler remained active even though the war was nearing to an end. Recruits still remained, waiting to be sent to their regiments and there was a problem of demobilizing and caring for the sick and wounded as they prepared to return home. Finally, near the end of May, The United State's War Department started to release regiments from active service (Parrotte, SVC). It took several weeks before the recruits were transported to Camp Butler and receive their final pay before being released from the Army (Parrotte, SVC). A majority of the regiments came to the camp in July and August, and by mid- September, most of the troops were heading home (Parrotte, SVC). In early September, Camp Douglas was discontinued as a rendezvous center leaving Camp Butler as the only remaining center for rendezvous (Parrotte, SVC). On January 18, 1866, the last troops received its final pay and left for home (Parrotte, SVC). The next day, Camp Butler was officially closed as a military rendezvous (Parrotte, SVC). Throughout the war, Camp Butler had over 00,000 soldiers pass through.

Many casualties that occurred within Camp Butler are buried within the Camp Butler cemetery. A total of 84 Confederate soldiers, 714 Union soldiers, and 166 soldiers are unknown, due to a fire in the hospital which destroyed records of both Union and Confederate soldiers, are buried within the camp (Lindstrom, SJR). There were more than 84 Confederate deaths in the camp (Lindstrom, SJR). The Confederate graves are white stone that come up to a point (Lindstrom, SJR). The Union graves are white stone and are round at the top (Lindstrom, SJR). The Confederate graves are said to come to a point to prevent the "Yankees" from sitting on their graves (Lindstrom, SJR).

In 14, John Biglow, Ben Watson, and Louis B. Hellmeyer were the administrator involved in expanded Camp Butler from six acres to 40 acres. Camp Butler now holds 656 reburials from WWII, including 17 German prisoner of war and 65 Korean War reburials (Lindstrom, SJR). Camp Butler National Cemetery is reserved for those honorably discharged from active military duty and their dependents (Huelsman, SJR). All of the graves are the same size, shape, and marked with the infantry of which they served in (Huelsman, SJR). There is no charge to be buried in the cemetery and soldiers are not buried by rank (Lindstrom, SJR). A few years after the war ended, enlisted men and their mates are buried is the same grade, one at five feet and one at seven feet (Lindstrom, SJR). Side by side burials were reserved for officers (Lindstrom, SJR). Now anyone that served in the military can be buried side by side.

Many building and architectural structures were created over the past 100 years to beautify the camp. The lodge was constructed in 108 (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). It is a two- story, eight-room brick structure with exposed concrete foundation walls (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). The roof is fiberglass shingles (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). In 16, the rear porch was enclosed to provide an additional room (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). The front porch was removed in 17, and a new concrete porch was constructed (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). This porch was enclosed with brick and glass in 14 (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). The lodge is now used as the cemetery office (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). The design of this lodge was the standard for the national cemeteries in the first decade of this century, when many original Meigs lodges were replaced (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). Because of the time it was built, there are some Arts and Crafts influences (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). The concrete block utility building with a fiberglass shingle roof was constructed in 17 (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). It is located near the northeast corner of the cemetery (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). The rostrum was constructed in 1 (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). The walls are Bedford limestone, and the roof is copper (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet). The design is Classical Revival. A brick public restroom building with a metal standing seam roof was constructed in 18, and is located at the northeast corner of the lodge (C.B.N.C., Pamphlet).

Camp Butler National Cemetery has experienced many difficulties throughout the years. The main problem is the lack of space for burial. Each year, the cemetery is being doubled in burials. With lack of space provided, areas must be cleared and purchase. With the area being consumed so fast, it will not be too long before the cemetery will have to close its gate.

The following verse appeared in the Illinois State Journal Register on October 16, 186. It was to describe war life at Camp Butler

"Camp Butler, what a busy hive

A nest of humans all alive

M of all minds make up the nest

Posted on sciences the best

B here are found that are not wise

Until they are they will not rise

The bulk exceed the rural masses

Let some deny we have all classes

Evil and good, foolish and wise

Rebellion though, they all despise

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Schoenburg

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Expressionism is a quality of inner experience the emotions of the artists communicated through their art

The Expressionists era was an art movement dominated in Germany that enhanced this idea

In Germany, experienced ecoomic political, and social upheaval after Word War 1

The uprise of Hitlers Nationalist Social Party, debt of World War 1

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lots of artists at that specific time wanted to expose the negative aspects of that

The Late Romantic Era was one in which composers took music and pushed it to its boundaries..they were the rebels sort of speak of the period

This period was also known as Post Wagarian

Arnold Schoenberg was born on Sept 1, 1874 in Vienna Germany

Austro hungarian Composer

was an orthodox jew

He started off playing violin when he was young and soon started composing thereafter

he didnt have any real mentors that trained him excet Zemlinsky who was a teacher and friend for a short while

He said his greatest mentors were Beetoven and Wagner

All music up to the Late Romantic Period of time was all tonal music

A period of Chromatism came into play

By playing tones that arents supposed to be in the key creates a stronger and more effective dissonance

thought that it brought out more mood

Schoenberg along with other composers like him, thought that Tonal music "governed" theyre way of composing so decided to compose and conduct atonal (free tone) music

Schoenberg Developed the 1 tone system

also known as dodecaphony (all twelve notes of the chromatic scale)

which became a leading way in composing this kind of music

Early in Schoenbergs" career he public hated his music and acted to it violently.

Left germany in 1 because of anti semetic laws in Germany

Fled to france and then America

came to Boston and later Died in Los angelos July 1th in 151

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Lolita

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on lolita. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality lolita paper right on time.

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When Vladimir Nabokov finished writing the novel Lolita he knew the explosive subject matter that he was now holding in his hands. After being turned down by publishing houses numerous times to let loose his controversial story to the public, it was finally published by the French in 155. Many critics were shocked and called it pornography while others praised his work. How could a pure thinking author conjugate ideas on issues so dark and depraved? What were his intentions of doing so, and in the end how did it become hailed as one of the greatest novels of all time? It is easy to think one can judge this man by the novel he wrote. Is not the creation, at least in some part, part of the creator? Surely only a twisted mind, a depraved heart could conjure such an explicit narrator, capable of violating young girls, though remaining very humanistic.

Vladimir Nabokov's inspiration for writing Lolita came from hearing about an ape who was taught to draw after being locked in a cage, while given treats to encourage certain behavior. After many months of confinement, the ape finally drew a picture of the bars of his cell. Consequently, this experiment is what Nabokov's narrating character, Humbert, practiced on Lolita.

Humbert constantly used the reward system to bribe Lolita for sexual favors. In other words, like the scientists who had trained the ape's actions to respond to enslavement every time the substance of positivism was given, Humbert did the same to Lolita, forcing her out of her nature from a child to women.

Nabokov and Humbert did have something in common, which was a direct passion. Humbert's passion was the worship and possession of Lolita, but in the pursuit of these passions he also manages to study, capture, and abuse her. This destroys Lolita's innocence. Nabokov, an avid butterfly collector, adored the creatures that he found beautiful, rare, and frail. He then killed, preserved, cataloged and quite literally, pinned them down. Memories and dreams also play a large part in many of Nabokov's writings.

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Nabokov succeeded with Lolita by taking human experiences and passions and using them to create an inhuman character. The story of Lolita, traces a middle-aged professor obsessive sinful involvement with his twelve-year-old stepdaughter Lolita. The book focuses on Humbert's constant manipulation of events to finally being able to have the young girl in his possession. After marrying Lolita's mother, a vulgar woman, the haze women, the big bitch, the old cat, the obnoxious mama, she conveniently dies leaving Lolita as his ward.

This leads to a road trip across America where Humbert seduces Lolita in various hotels becoming both her lover and her father. He was unaware of the fact that a mysterious character was following them, who kept visually appearing in the most unexpected places by the name of Claire Quilty. Meanwhile, Lolita escapes Humbert by running off with the peculiar man, the rival Quilty, leaving him an emotionally broken and unstable man. In the end he eventually stalks down both the now pregnant Lolita and his archival. Realizing Lolita never truly cared for him, he tracks down his alter ego Claire Quilty and murders him for what pain he put him through.

Lolita exemplifies many different types of themes to the reader, such as fate, sex, consummation of desire, and homicide. Some moments of great interest in the novel all indicate the presence of fate and random chance. Horrible deaths seem to occur frequently in Lolita, beginning with Humbert's mother who died at a picnic after being struck by lightning. This was followed by unexpected deaths of Annabelle [his first love], Charlotte Haze [his wife], and Claire Quilty [his nemesis], and finally Lolita at the very end of the book. Who would think that Charlotte Haze would be struck by a car which had swerved to avoid hitting a wild dog, right after she read Humbert's journal and his real opinion of her and her daughter? Humbert sums up by saying the car and the dog and the sun and the shade and the wet and the weak and the strong and the stone all contributed to Charlotte s death.

Sexual Desire plays a large part in the novel. After Humbert loses his first love Annabelle at age fourteen to typhus he longs for the memory of her, particularly the fact that Humbert never completed the sexual act with her. This brings us to the Lolita syndrome. Lolita quickly sparks memories of Annabelle and the feelings he once had for her. Humbert has strong sexual cravings from the moment he lays eyes on Lolita. Humbert disguises himself reading a book or tanning himself while actually watching Lolita s every move. Humbert finds reasons to walk by her room, or to collide into her. In these moments, he said, I had stolen the honey of a spasm without impairing the morals of a minor. When Lolitas mother decides to send her to summer camp, Humbert becomes so frantic, plots form in his mind about ways to rid Charlotte. The second half of Lolita, deals with the consummation of Humbert s sexual desire. Humbert is craving Lolita and even resorts to giving her sleeping pills on their first night alone together at the Enchanters Cottage, so he can have his way with her. "The gentle and dreamy regions through which I crept were the patrimonies of poets-not crimes prowling ground."

The next year they were on a journey together, spending their nights in various hotels having sex. Lolita learns how to play tennis, so they can have other interests in common. Humbert takes her swimming so he can watchfully eye her body, also while buying her clothes and treats but not until she had done her morning duty. The loss of Lolita to the unidentified man revealed later as Claire Quilty, leads to the final desperate act of murder. This is a major theme in the story because by killing Claire Quilty, he is killing his dark side, his alter ego, so that the murder is in effect an attack upon himself.

"Because you took advantage of a sinner, because you took advantage, because you took, because you took advantage of my disadvantage because of all you did, because of all I did not. YOU HAVE TO DIE."

Vladimir Nabokov's writing style was to be excessive with words, because he has a personal love affair with the English language. This excessive trait changed the book Lolita from being viewed as pornography to being viewed as a work of beauty, for there is not one single obscene term in the whole book. Nabokov also had a way of inventing new presentations of a story. For example he foreshadows events and characters. This type of writing lends a lot of interest to the story, especially when Humbert finds out the identity of Claire Quilty at the end of his life, while the book points to his existence at the start of the narration. The writers' use of Humbert as the narrator explaining his passion for Lolita is well served. It tends to soften his ulterior motives due to the sincerity of his desire, also the story is told from his point of view. Nabakov uses a lot of humorous rhymes such as welcome, fellow, to this bordello, puns and play on words like a halter with two little to halt, are examples of this. These traits certainly helped the novel achieve writing standards that were never seen before.

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