Benzene

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Benzene

In 18, Mr. Michael Faraday, an English scientist, was the first to discover benzene through his investigation of heating and illuminating oils from it. In 1865, a German chemist named Friedrich August Kekule found benzene in the coal and came up with "the hexagonal structure" for benzene shown to the right. The story behind this structure is that Kekule one day took a nap and dreamed of the chemical structure of benzene. He mentioned there were long rows, sometimes more closely fitted together, all twining and twisting in snake-like motion. But look! What was that? One of the snakes had seized hold of its own tail, and the form whirled mockingly before my eyes.

Scientists spent a lot of work to know more about benzene. Benzene is an aromatic molecule that is similar to the hydrocarbons like alkanes. Most aromatic hydrocarbons are based on benzene.

Custom Essays on Benzene

Characteristics of Benzene

Benzene is a member of one type of hydrocarbons called aromatics. It is a colorless toxic liquid with a sweet odor. It is very volatile and flammable. Its content is the most effective factor in controlling total toxic air pollutants.

Intensive Properties

C6H6

78.114 g/mol

5.5 °C

80.1 °C

0.8786 mg/cm

.77 g/L

1770 mg/L

Natural Recourses for Benzene

Benzene can be found different environments like

Crude oil underground

Cigarette smoke

Gasoline

Forest fires

Volcanoes

Benzene Bonding

It is unsaturated for having three pi bonds. However, it is somehow stable due to the pi electrons delocalization that makes the molecule bonds hard to break. Benzene has two structures that relate to the electron delocalization which accounts for the resonance phenomenon as follows

Benzene Reactions

Benzene does not undergo addition reactions. However, it can undergo substation reactions in four major reactions as follows

Producing Benzene

In industry, benzene can be produced in several methods. There are two common processes to produce it

Hydrodealkylation of toluene (HDA)

Toluene + Hydrogen ® Benzene + Methane

C6H5CH + H ® C6H6 + CH4

But there is a side reaction that produces diphenyl

Benzene Diphenyl + Hydrogen

C6H6 C6H5) + H

The Main HDA Process

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